Molecular mechanisms of neoplasia in practice Flashcards
Self sufficiency of growth signals may occur through mutations that cause what?
- Increased secretion of growth factors
- Upregulation of growth factor receptor
- Activation of growth factor receptors
An example of when there is increased secretion of growth factors
-Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) unregulated in Wilm’s tumour
An example of when there is up regulation of growth factor receptor
cErbB2 unregulated in breast cancer
An example of when there is activation of growth factor receptors
Mutation in the TK domain of the c-Kit (receptor for Stem Cell Factor) in GISTs
evasion of apoptosis may occur through what?
Upregulation of anti-apoptotic factors
Down regulation of pro-apoptotic factors
Loss of function of pro-apoptotic factors
What is an example of when there is upragulation of anti-apoptotic factors
Bcl2 is unregulated in follicular lymphomas due to the t(14;28) translocation
What is an example of when there is down regulation of pro apoptotic factors
Caspase 3 is down regulated in colorectal tumours
What is an example of when there is loss of function of pro-apoptotic factors
TP53 is mutated in colorectal tumours
