Molecules, Metabolism and Water

Question 1

What is molecular biology?

Answer 1

explains the living processes in terms of the molecules involved

Question 2

How many covalent bonds can carbon atoms form?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

What is anabolism?

Answer 3

• the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions.
• building (monomers to polymers using condensation)

Question 4

What is catabolism?

Answer 4

the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers
- breakdown (using hydrolysis)

Question 5

What compound can be produced by living things but can also be artificially synthesized?

Answer 5

Urea

Question 6

What are organic molecules? (name all 5)

Answer 6

lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, vitamins

Question 7

What are the 2 inorganic molecules?

Answer 7

water and minerals

Question 8

Historically, explain the organic and inorganic molecules

Answer 8

Chemistry was broken into organic for living organisms and inorganic for non-living matter

Question 9

What is an organic molecule?

Answer 9

a compound containing carbon and hydrogen that are found in living organisms

Question 10

What are the exceptions of the organic molecule?

Answer 10

• hydrocarbonates
• carbonates
• oxides of carbon

Question 11

What is metabolism composed of?

Answer 11

anabolism and catabolism

Question 12

What is Condensation/Dehydration?

Answer 12

• removal of water
• OH removed from one molecule
• H removed from another
• OH+H= H2O

Question 13

What is Hydrolysis?

Answer 13

• hydro=water lysis=break
• how macromolecules break down
• get help from enzymes

Question 14

What percentage of Earth’s water is liquid? Why?

Answer 14

97%, high boiling point

Question 15

What percentage of Earth’s water is fresh water?

Answer 15

3%

Question 16

What does the water in the atmosphere result from?

Answer 16

evaporation

Question 17

86% of evaporations occur from…

Answer 17

oceans

Question 18

What is water vapour?

Answer 18

a greenhouse gas

Question 19

What do ocean and air currents transfer?

Answer 19

heat

Question 20

What is cohesion?

Answer 20

• the attraction of water molecules to each other (H bonding)
• creates a “transpiration pull” to bring water from deep roots as it evaporates from leaves
• responsible for surface tension (so insects can walk on)

Question 21

What is adhesion?

Answer 21

• the attraction of water molecules to cling to other polar surfaces
• responsible, along with cohesion, for movement of water up a large plant

Question 22

Why is water the “Universal solvent”?

Answer 22

• water is polar because of its bent shape

- other polar substances and charged ions are also attracted to water

Question 23

Molecules with … solubility have … transport

Answer 23

low, specialized

Question 24

What allows the water to have a high boiling point?

Answer 24

H bonds

Question 25

What is water's specific heat capacity?

Answer 25

4.19 J/g

Question 26

What does water's high specific heat capacity do?

Answer 26

- it can absorb/ lose a large amount of energy before the temperature changes significantly - regulates environmental temperature - helps organisms maintain constant temperature

Question 27

Water has a high heat of vaporization. What does this mean?

Answer 27

- the amount of energy absorbed/ lost as a substance changes from liquid to gas (and vice versa) - water is very effective for evaporative cooling (ex.sweating)

Question 28

How do organisms get water?

Answer 28

- drinking - food - skin - cellular respiration - from roots

Question 29

How do organisms lose water?

Answer 29

sweating, breathing, transpiration, waste