Monera (Bacteria) Flashcards
(24 cards)
Structure of bacteria - always present
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Storage granuole
Ribosome
Loop of DNA
Structure of bacteria - sometimes present
Capsule/slime layer
Flagellum
Plasmid
Loop of DNA
1 chromosome
No membrane
Plasmid
Unique to bacteria, another loop of genetic material. Contains antibiotic resistance info.
Flagellum
Movement
Capsule
Protection from toxins
Bacteria shapes
Rod, round, spiral
What is bacteria reproduction called
Binary fission
Binary fission
Asexual bacterial reproduction
bacterial cell duplicates its DNA, elongates, halves with DNA in each cell
Mutations
Evolution is uncommon but spreads rapidly due to binary fission eg antibiotic resistance
Endospore
Tough wall surround chromosome of daughter cell in unfavourable conditions. Breaks down to allow reproduction when conditions are favourable again
Bacterial optimum teml
20°-30°C
Whether bacteria needs oxygen
Aerobic bacteria need oxygen slower microbial growth.
Anaerobic bacteria do’t neef oxygen
Facultative anaerobes either or
Obligate anaerobes can’t respire with oxygen.
Lag stage
1st
Bacteria are adapting to their environment, making enzymes to digest available.
Log stage
2nd
Bacteria reproduce at max growth) with ideal conditions. Bacteria adapted to their environment, resources available.
Stationary
Population size does not change. Reproduction rate = death rate.
Resources are becoming depleted
Decline
Population declines
Death rate > reproduction rate.
Resources depleted
Survival phase
Small amount of bacteria survive as spores. They will begin
reproducing when conditions become more suitable.
Antibiotics
Chemicals that are produced by microorganisms
that stop the growth of or kill other microorganisms without
damaging human tissue..
Abuse of antibiotics
Overperscription of antibiotics
Failure to complete prescription
Bioprocessing
The use of cells or their components to make a
desired product.
Bioreactor
A vessel or container in which living cells or
their products are used to make a product
Batch culture
The growth of cells in a sealed container (bioreactor) over a short period of time and under ideal conditions until all nutrients are used up
Continuous flow
The growth of cells in an open container (bioreactor) where nutrients are added and product is removed all the time at a rate that maintains the volume of liquid and the number of cells.
