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VTT 246 Surgery > Monitoring > Flashcards

Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary goal of anesthetic monitoring?

A

Tissue perfusion.

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2
Q

What is tissue perfusion?

A

Constant oxygen to the tissues

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3
Q

What would inadequate tissue perfusion result in?

A

Waste products build up, glucose is not delivered to muscles. Organd not functioning and could shut down. Patient would go into shock, tissue necrosis. Death

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4
Q

When should monitoring of vitals begin?

A

At initial PE

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5
Q

Once anesthesia has begun how often should we document vital signs?

A

Every 5 minutes.

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6
Q

What are the five physiological parameters that we monitor?

A

circulatory, Oxygen, Respiratory, Neurological, Temperature

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7
Q

What is the difference between subjetive ad objective monitoring?

A

Objective is information received from a machine. Subjective is information a tech receives (i.e., listening to the heart)

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8
Q

What are the common reflexes that we check while inducing and monitoring anesthesia?

A

palpebral, pedal, laryngeal, and jawtone

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9
Q

What does it mean to monitor circulation?

A

Tissue profusion, making sure that the blood and oxygen is getting to where it needs in a timely manner.

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10
Q

What was can we measure circulation in a patient subjectively?

A

MM color, CRT, pulse, and HR

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11
Q

What are ways we can measure circulation in a patient objectively?

A

EKG, doppler, and pulseox

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12
Q

What is a pulse deficit?

A

When auditory HR and palpable pulse are different.

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13
Q

Why does a pulse deficit happen?

A

Heart contracts but does not have enough push to produce a palpable peripheral pulse.

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14
Q

What does an EKG measure?

A

Electrical activity within the heart

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15
Q

What does the P wave from a EKG represent

A

Depolarization of atria

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16
Q

What does the Q wave from a EKG represent

A

Ventricualr contraction

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17
Q

What does the R wave from a EKG represent

A

Depolarization

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18
Q

What does the S wave from a EKG represent

A

Depolarization

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19
Q

What does the T wave from a EKG represent

A

Re-polarization of ventricles

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20
Q

What does CPV stand for?

A

Central venous pressure

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21
Q

What does CPV measure?

A

Circulating blood volume within the right atrium. This has NOTHING to do with atrial pressure.

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22
Q

What is the difference between invasive and noninvasive BP monitoring?

A

Doppler is noninvasive and internally via catheter in an artery

23
Q

How does a Doppler work?

A

Pressure pulse into a sound

24
Q

What are the advantages of a doppler?

A

accurate, useful with small animals

25
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a doppler?

A

Does not provide MAP (Mean Arterial pressure), does not provide diastolic number.

26
Q

How does an Automated Oscillometric unit work?

A

Assess arterial blood pressure. MAP should be above 70 mm Hg under anesthesia and never below 66 mm Hg.

27
Q

What are the advantages of a automated oscillometric unit?

A

systolic and diastolic measurements, MAP and HR

28
Q

What are the disadvantages of an automated oscillometric unit

A

Cuff must be fitted properly, the further away from normal the readings are the less accurate they are.

29
Q

How is proper cuff size determined for BP reading?

A

must wrap about 40% of leg.

30
Q

What is the difference between ventilation and respiration?

A

Ventilation is the chest moving and respiration is the movement of gasses through the body.

31
Q

What are ways we an measure oxygenation subjectively?

A

MM color

32
Q

What are ways we can measure oxygenation objectively?

A

Pulse Oximeter

33
Q

What does a pulse oximeter measure?

A

How much of the available hemoglobin is saturated with O2.

34
Q

What are some colors other than pink tht he MM could be and what do they represent?

A

Dark red - hyperthermic
Blue - cyanotic
Grey - cardiac arrest

35
Q

What are some ways we can troubleshoot the pulse ox?

A

Make sure patient is stable (subjective monitoring)
Remove and replace the probe
Re-wet the probe
Choose a different location for the probe.

36
Q

What does a capnograph measure?

A

End tidal CO2.

37
Q

What is one of the most important piece of monitoring equipment

A

Capnograph

38
Q

If the capnograph is reading a higher than normal value what can you do for the patient to get the value within normal range?

A

Breathing for the patient

39
Q

What factors expose our surgical patient to hypothermia?

A

Reduced metabolic activity

Tepm decreases after induction because of vasodialation

40
Q

What are some ways we can minimize or correct hypothermia?

A

Warmed IV fluids

Heating unit appropriate for surgery

41
Q

What does the term bradycardia mean?

A

slow heartbeat

42
Q

What does the term tacycardia mean?

A

fast heartbeat

43
Q

What does the term tacypneamean?

A

abnormally fast respiration

44
Q

What does the term hypercapneamean?

A

abnormal level of CO2 in the blood

45
Q

What does the term dyspneamean?

A

labored breathing

46
Q

What does the term apnea mean?

A

absence of breath

47
Q

What does the term systolic mean?

A

heart contracting

48
Q

What does the term diastolic mean?

A

Arterial pressure during interval between heartbeats.

49
Q

What does the term hypothermia mean?

A

Low body temperature

50
Q

What does the term Acidosis mean?

A

Change in pH by lactic acid (not enough O2)

51
Q

What does the term Hypovolemia mean?

A

Abnormal decrease in the volume of blood

52
Q

What does the term vasodilation mean?

A

expansion of the blood vessels (causing low circulating blood volume)

53
Q

What does the term vasoconstriction mean?

A

Narrowing of the blood vessesl

VTT 246 Surgery (7 decks)

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