Monitoring Data

Question 1

When the capnograph is set up, what is done

Answer 1

An ABG is drawn to compare PCO2

Question 2

Normal PaO2

Answer 2

40 torr

Question 3

Normal PETCO2

Answer 3

35 torr / 3-5 %

Question 4

Where is the capnography placed?

Answer 4

Proximal to the airway connection (ETT)

Question 5

What does an increase in PETCO2 mean?

Answer 5

Decrease in ventilation; ventilatory failure

Question 6

What does a decrease in PETCO2 mean?

Answer 6

Increase in ventilation, decreased perfusion

Question 7

Causes of decreased perfusion

Answer 7

• Hypovolemia
• Pulmonary Embolism
• Deadspace Disease

Question 8

If the capnograph reads zero, what does that mean?

Answer 8

Reconnect patient to vent or check for leak

Question 9

What does low PETCO2 after intubation mean?

Answer 9

ETT was placed in esophagus

Question 10

During CPR PETCO2 should…

Answer 10

Increase

Question 11

What causes a reading of zero/false readings, other than disconnection and leak on a capnograph?

Answer 11

Moisture and secretions

Question 12

What does purple represent on a non-electronic CO2 reader?

Answer 12

Poor

Question 13

What does yellow represent on a non-electronic CO2 reader?

Answer 13

Normal

Question 14

How is a capnograph calibrated?

Answer 14

With room air (0%) and 5% CO2 concentration

Question 15

How often is a capnograph recalibrated?

Answer 15

Every 8 hours

Question 16

What does a sudden fall in reading on a pulse oximeter mean (without a change in condition)?

Answer 16

Probe malfunction or needs to be reattached

Question 17

What factors affect pulse oximetry accuracy?

Answer 17

Poor perfusion (shock, hypotension)
Conditions that interfere with light transmission

Question 18

How is a pulse oximeter calibrated?

Answer 18

By manufacturer

Question 19

Up to what O2 saturation is pulse oximeter accurate

Answer 19

> 80%

Question 20

Saturation < 80% should be confirmed with …

Answer 20

ABG and/or Hemoximetry

Question 21

Normal COHb

Answer 21

0-1%

Question 22

COHb for smokers

Answer 22

2-12%

Question 23

COHb for CO poisoning

Answer 23

> 20%

Question 24

How does Co-oximeter/Hemoximetry work?

Answer 24

Blood sample with more wavelengths of light

Question 25

What kind of electrodes are used on a Transcutaneous PO2 and PCO2?

Answer 25

Clark and Severinghaus

Question 26

Where are Transcutaneous PO2 and PCO2 electrodes placed?

Answer 26

On the skin

Question 27

Temperature the skin needs to be for the Transcutaneous monitor to be placed

Answer 27

43-45 degrees Celcius

Question 28

Transcutaneous values correlate well with ...

Answer 28

Arterial values as long as perfusion is adequate

Question 29

What affects accuracy on a transcutaneous monitor?

Answer 29

Increased skin thickness Anemia Conditions of decreased perfusion; shock, burn, etc

Question 30

Best placement for a transcutaneous electrode

Answer 30

Flat areas with good perfusion; on chest

Question 31

How often should the transcutaneous electrode be changed?

Answer 31

Every 4 hours; if redness occurs, it needs to be moved more often

Question 32

When should the transcutaneous electrodes be calibrated?

Answer 32

Before initial use and when repositioned

Question 33

What is hemodynamics the monitor of?

Answer 33

Blood pressure

Question 34

Most common tyoe of pressure transducer

Answer 34

Strain-gauge transducer

Question 35

Where the transducer be placed

Answer 35

It should be at the same level as the tip of the catheter

Question 36

If the transducer is above the catheter ...

Answer 36

Readings are lower than actual

Question 37

If the transducer is below the catheter ...

Answer 37

Readings are higher than actual

Question 38

What does the proximal catheter port measure?

Answer 38

CVP

Question 39

What does the distal port with the balloon deflated measure?

Answer 39

PAP

Question 40

What does the distal port with the balloon inflated measure?

Answer 40

PCWP

Question 41

If you are unable to see distinct high and low values while monitoring PAP what does that mean?

Answer 41

Check to see if the balloon is deflated

Question 42

What does pressure dampening mean?

Answer 42

The monitor doesn't show the normal dictrotic notch and the catheter is somehow obstructed

Question 43

What to do if blood clot occurs in pulmonary artery catheter positioning?

Answer 43

- Aspirate - Flush the catheter - Rotate the catheter

Question 44

SVR is increased with ...

Answer 44

Systemic hypotension and/or vasoconstriction

Question 45

PVR is increased with ...

Answer 45

Hypoxia, pulmonary hypotension, and lung disease