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FND4 > Monoamines > Flashcards

Monoamines Flashcards

1
Q

The 3 catecholamines…

A

Dopamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

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2
Q

Sequential synthesis of Catecholamines….

A
  1. Tyrosine Hydroxylation
  2. L-DOPA Decarboxylation
  3. Dopamine Hydroxylation
  4. Norepinephrine Methylation
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3
Q

What enzyme is the rate limiting step in Catecholamine synthesis…

A

Tyrosine Hydroxylase

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4
Q

Enzyme that changes L-DOPA to Dopamine…

A

AADC

Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase

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5
Q

Dopamine to Norepinephrine by the enzyme…

A

D Beta H

Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase

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6
Q

Norepinephrine to Epinephrine by the enzyme…

A

PNMT

Phenylethanolamine N-Methyl transferase

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7
Q

Dopamine is metabolized by COMT, leaving the metabolite……

A

3-MT

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8
Q

Dopamine metabolized by MOA-A/b leaves metabolite…

A

DOPAC

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9
Q

Norepinephrine metabolized by COMT leaves what metabolite?

A

Normetanephrine

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10
Q

Epinephrine metabolized by COMT leaves what metabolite?

A

Metanephrine

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11
Q

Norepinephrine and Epinephrine metabolized my MAO-A leaves what metabolite?

A

DPHG

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12
Q

Which receptors are located in the Smooth muscle?

A

Alpha 1

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13
Q

What is alpha 1 g protein subtype?

A

Gq

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14
Q

What is the function of alpha 1 receptor?

A

Vasoconstriction (circulatory homeostasis)

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15
Q

Alpha 2 receptors are located where?

A

Nerve terminals

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16
Q

Alpha 2 protein subtype?

A

Gi

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17
Q

Beta adrenergic Receptors are what type G protien suybtype?

A

Gs

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18
Q

Which receptor types are in the heart?

A

B1

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19
Q

Which adreneric receptors do SABAS and LABAS act on?

A

B2

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20
Q

Where are Beta 2 receptors located?

A

Lungs and Uterine Tissue

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21
Q

Beta 3 receptors are located where?

A

Bladder

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22
Q

Metyrosine

A

Demser

-TH inhibitor (Inhibits the catecholamine synthesis

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23
Q

Physiological effect of Metyrosine (Demser)?

A

Decreases Blood Pressure, it TREATS HYPERtension

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24
Q

Reserpine

A

Serapalan, Serpasil

-VMAT inhibitor

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25
Q

Physiological effect of Reserpine (Serapalan)?

A

Decreases blood pressure (and sedation),

TREATS HYPERTENSION

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26
Q

Droxidopa

A

Northera

Amino Acid analog metabolized by AADC to NE

-Monoamine Analog or Prodrug

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27
Q

Physiological effect of Droxidopa (Northera)?

A

Increases Blood Pressure

TREATS HYPOOOOTENSION

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28
Q

Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine

A

Adderall XR

Stimulates the release of Monoamines from central adrenergic receptors

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29
Q

Methylphenidate

A

Ritalin

Block dopamine reuptake

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30
Q

Methylphenidates are better in comparison to Amphetamines how?

A
  • They are more noticeable on mental function
  • They have less anorexia and physical dependence
  • They exhibit less cardiovascular side effects than amphetamines
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31
Q

Is Adderall short or long acting?

A

Short

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32
Q

Is Vyvanse short or long acting?

A

Long

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33
Q

Is Adderall XR short or long acting?

A

Long

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34
Q

Is Ritalin short or long acting?

A

Short

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35
Q

Ritalin-LA long or short acting?

A

Long

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36
Q

Concerta long or short acting?

A

Long

37
Q

Dexmethylphenidate long or short acting?

A

As Brand name Focalin short

Focalin XR Long

38
Q

Common Side effects of Amphetamines and Methyphenidates?

A

CNS behavioral stimulation
Reduced Seizure threshold
Anorexia, Insomnia, Headache, Abdominal pain, CNS depression, Cardiovascular stimulation, Decreased growth rate

39
Q

First approved Non-psychostimulant for ADHD?

A

Atomoxetine

40
Q

Atomoxetine

A

Strattera

Reuptake inhibitor of Norepinephrine

41
Q

First FDA approved antidepressent?

A

Imipramine

42
Q

Imipramine

A

Tofranil

Reuptake inhibitor of NE and Serotonin

43
Q

MOA for Ephedrine, Pseudophedrine, and Epinephrine…

A

MIXED Alpha/Beta adrenergice receptor agonist and indirectly promotes vesicular NE release

44
Q

Ephedrine and Epinephrine used for….

A

Acute Bronchospasms

45
Q

Tranylcypromine

A

Parnate

  • non-selective A&B and IRREVERSIBLE MAO inhibitor
  • Has Two Peaks*
46
Q

Phenelzine

A

Nardil

-non-selective A&B and IRREVERSIBLE MAO inhibitor

47
Q

MAO INHIBITOR SIDE EFFECTS

A

Orthostatic Hypotension, Tremors, Significant drug-drug interactions

48
Q

Dietary Restrictions for MAO Inhibitors

A

No tyramine or tryptophan rich foods or caffeine

49
Q

Alpha 1 agonist effect on blood pressure

A

Increase Blood Pressurer

50
Q

A 1 Antagonist effect on BP

A

Decrease BP

51
Q

A 2 Agonist effect on BP

A

Decrease BP

52
Q

A2 Antagonist

A

Increase BP

53
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Sudafed PE

-A1 selective Agonist

54
Q

Shortest ROA onset for Phenylephrine…

A

IV is almost immediately, but very short duration

55
Q

Longest Duration for Phenylephrine…

A

Ophtalmic lasts 180 minutes to 7 hours

56
Q

Phenylephrine Clinical Use…

A

Locatlized Vasoconstriction

57
Q

Midodrine

A

Proamatine, Orvaten

-Enzymatically hydrolyed to an active A1 selective metabolite

58
Q

Clinical use of midodrine….

A

Systemic Vasoconstriction

59
Q

Phentolamine

A

Regitine

-NON-selective A1,2 adrenregic receptor ANTAGONIST

60
Q

Used for DiagnosingPheochromocytoma…

A

Phentolamine

61
Q

Long acting irreversible Non-selective A 1,2 adrenergive receptor Antagonist…

A

Phenoxybenzamine

62
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Dibenzyline

-NON-selective A1,2 adrenregic receptor ANTAGONIST

63
Q

Used for Pheochromocytoma Symptoms…

A

Phenoxybenzamine

64
Q

Doxazosin

A

Cardura

-Non subtype selective A1 Antagonist

65
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Flomax

Alpha 1 A selective Antagonist

66
Q

Subtype and Drugs associated with Ejaculatory dysfunction and decreased libido…..

A

Alpha 1A

-Tamsulosin (Flomax), Silodosin(Rapaflo)

67
Q

Common Alpha 1 Selective Antagonist Side Effects….

A

Syncope and Hypotension, and ejaculatory dysfunction (genitourinary edema?)

68
Q

Overall physiological function of A2 adrenergice receptors….

A

Decrease/Control Sympathetic Outflow

69
Q

Brimonidine

A

Alphagan (Opthialmic)
Mirvaso (topical)

-Selective A2 agonist

70
Q

Opthalmic Selective A2 agonist drugs treat…

A

Increased Interoccular Pressure

71
Q

A2 agonist treatment for Open angle Glaucoma…

A

Brimonidine (Alphagan)

72
Q

Apraclonidine

A

Iopidine

-Selective A2 agonist

73
Q

Clinical use for Apraclonidine….

A

Post Surgical prevention of Increase Itroccular pressure

74
Q

Common side effects of ophthalmic A2agonist…..

A

Hypersensitivity and irritation

75
Q

Dipivefrin

A

AK-Pro
Propine

NOT A DIRECT ALPHA AGONIST
PRODRUG OF EPINEPHRINE**
Topical

76
Q

Why is Dipivefrin used for Glaucoma instead of Epinephrine….

A

Less systemic cardiovascular effects than Epinephrine

77
Q

Clonidine

A

Catapres
Duraclon

Selective A2 agonist

78
Q

Common A2 selective side effects…

A

Sedation

79
Q

Use for Clonidine…..

A
  • Hypertension/Hypertensive crisis
  • ADHD with Tic
  • Peripheral Nerve block with local anesthetics
80
Q

Guanfacine

A

Tenex, Intuniv

-more A2 selective than clonidine

81
Q

Use for Guanfacine…

A

ADHD and Hypertension

82
Q

Tizanidine

A

Zanaflex

-A2 selctive agonist

SHORT ACTING, FOR MUSCLE SPASICITY

83
Q

Oxymetazoline

A

Afrin, Rhofade

non-selective A1,2 receptor Agonist

84
Q

Physiological ACTION by Oxymetazoline…..

A

VASOCONSTRICTION

85
Q

Topical/Dermal form of Oxymetazoline…..

A

Reduces facial erythema (acne rosacea)

86
Q

DOPA+AADC–>

A

Dopamine

87
Q

Droxidopa+AADC–>

A

Norepinephrine

88
Q

Tyrosine+AADC–>

A

Tyramine

89
Q

Methyldopa+AADC–>

A

MethylNE

FND4 (6 decks)

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