monoclonal antibodies Flashcards
what are monoclonal antibodies produced from
a single clone of cells
how are monoclonal antibodies used in research
measuring levels of hormones in blood or urine
how do monoclonal antibodies treat cancer
deliver toxic chemicals and drug’s directly to cancer cells
limits harm to other cells in body
process by which bacteria divide
binary fission
2 culture media that microorganisms can grow in
agar gel plates
nutrient broth solution
how pregnancy tests use monoclonal antibodies
HCG hormone produced in pregnant woman
HCG only binds to dye
line will show in both control and result window of test
antigens
protein molecules found on the surface of cells
benefits of monoclonal antibodies
treats HIV, AIDS, cancer
can be produced quickly
limitations of monoclonal antibodies
unwanted side effects
not used by doctors widely
ethical issues
very specific
not many cells survive
how many steps in making monoclonal antibodies
3
first step in making monoclonal antibodies
mice are injected to stimulate lymphocyte to make desired antibody
lymphocyte
white blood cells involved in the specific immune response
second step of making a monoclonal antibody
combine with a tumour cell to create a hybridoma
what is a hybridoma
hybrid lymphocyte and tumour cell that can divide and grow endlessly and create antibodies
how are monoclonal antibodies used to treat cancer
deliver toxic drugs directly to cancer cells
