Monoclonal Antibodies Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are communicable diseases?
Diseases caused by pathogens that can be trasmitted by one organisms to another.
What are pathogens?
Microorganisms that cause diseases.
What are the 4 types of pathogens?
Bacteria, Virus, Protists, Fungi
How do viruses make you ill?
They reproduce in your body cells, damaging them
How does bacteria make you ill?
They reproduce rapidly and release toxins.
How can HIV be spread?
Sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids.
Which pathogen is gonorrhoea?
Bacteria
Which pathogen causes Malaria?
Protists
How does the trachea defend the body against pathogens?
Secrete mucus to trap pathogens. Cilia moves mucus up to be removed.
How do WBC work?
Engulf pathogens, Produce antibodies, Produce antitoxins
What are antibodies?
Proteins that bind to specific antigens on pathogens
What are antigens?
Proteins on cell membranes for cell recognition
How does a vaccination make someone immune to a disease?
The inactive antigens stimulates the WBC to make antibodies and memory cells.
What is herd immunity?
Where a large part of the population is immune to a disease.
Why can antibiotics not kill viruses?
Viruses reproduce inside cells so antibiotics cannot enter the cell without damaging it.
What drug is from a Willow tree?
Aspirin
What are the 3 factors tested for drugs?
Toxicity, Efficacy, Dose
What is a placebo and why is it used?
A medicine that does not contain the drug being tested. This is done to test for the efficacy of the drug.
What is a double blind trial and why is it used?
Neither the doctors nor pattients know who recieves the drug. This is done to reduce bias.
How are monoclonal antibodies made?
First, an antigen is injected into a mouse to stimulate production of B lymphocytes. These are then combined with tumor cells to make hybridoma cells. Hybridoma cells make specific antibodies which are cloned. Finally, the monoclonal antibodies are purified to be used.
How would a vaccine for HIV work to prevent a person from developing HIV?
An inactive virus is injected. WBC produce antibodies. If infected with HIV, specific antibodies are produced quickly. Antibody destroys virus.
How would a monoclonal antibody for HIV help to prevent a person with HIV developing AIDS?
Monoclonal antibodies attach to antigen. Monoclonal antibody is specific to HIV. HIV cannot bind or enter human cell.
