monoclonal antibodoes topic

Question 1

what is a monoclonal antibody

Answer 1

take a single cell clone and it then produces a lot of antibodies

Question 2

what are monoclonal antibodies produced from

Answer 2

from a single clone of cells

Question 3

what are the antibodies in monoclonal antibodies

Answer 3

antibodies are specific to one bonding site on one protein antigen and so are able to target a specific chemical or cell in the body

Question 4

how are MA made

Answer 4

they are made in a lab and need a lot of B lymphocyte clones

they can’t divide quickly so are fused to tumour cells
CALLED HYBRIDOMA

Question 5

how do you get b lymphocytes to produce correct antibodies

Answer 5

inject and animal with antigen want the antibody to bind to
creates loads of BL that are specific to that anitgen

Question 6

how are MA produces

Answer 6

by stimulating mouse lymphocytes to make a particular antibody . the lymphocytes are combines with a particular king of tumour cell to make a hhybridoma cell

hybridoma can dicing and make antibodies quickly

single hybridoma cells are cloned to prides many identical cells that all produce the sMe antibody

Question 7

what are the four uses of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 7

-for diagnosis such as in pregnancy test

• in labs to measure the levels of hormones and other chemicals in blood to to detect pathogen

-to locate or identify specific molecule in a cell or tissue binding them with florescent dye

• to treat disease such as cancer can be bonded to radioactive substance which stops cells from dividing and growing

Question 8

what hormone to women create excreted in the urine

Answer 8

hcg hormone

Question 9

MA in pregnancy tests -strips

Answer 9

MA that are specific to hcg on the right side

MA can bind to hcg
antibody’s fixed to the strip and can’t move

Question 10

MA pregnancy test - left side

Answer 10

where you wee
covered in blue beads + same MA on right side

specific to hcg but beads aren’t fixed to strip and can move

Question 11

what happens if you are pregnant

Answer 11

urine contains hcg and will bind to antibodies on blue beads causing test to go blue as beads get stuck in olave

Question 12

what happens if you aren’t pregnant

Answer 12

the unfixed beads will get washed away because there is no hcg hormone for the antibody to bind to and nothing will chnGd colour