monomers, Polymers, Carbohdrates Key Details Flashcards
(14 cards)
What happens during a condensation reaction?
A chemical bond is formed and a water molecule is released
What happens during a hydrolysis reaction
Chemical bond is broken water molecule is used
What is the monomer that makes up polypeptides
Amino acid
What is the monomer that makes up starch?
Alpha glucose
Definition of a monomer
Small repeating unit from which larger polymers are made
Differences in structure of glycogen and cellulose
-Cellulose is made up of beta glucose monomers whereas glycogen is made up of alpha glucose subunits
-Cellulose is made up of straight chains whereas glycogen has coiled chains
How does starch being insoluble help it for storage purposes?
It has no osmotic effect in cells and doesn’t affect the water potential of the cell
What monomers make up maltose
Two glucoses
Which monomers make up sucrose?
Fructose, glucose
Which monomers make up lactose?
Glucose, galactose
Properties of cellulose
-long unbranched chairs of beta glucose
-cellulose is arranged in chains that run parallel to one another forming microfibrils
-the microfibrils are held in place by lots of hydrogen bonds that result in the formation of strong cross links
-cellulose prevents the cell wall bursting under osmotic pressure
Properties of starch
-stores energy in plants
-made of two polysaccharides called amylose and amylopectin
-insoluble meaning no osmotic effect
-easily hydrolysed
Properties of glycogen
-energy storage molecule in animals
-large number of branches
-compact
-insoluble
Examples of polysaccharides
Starch,cellulose,glycogen
