Mood disorders Flashcards
(18 cards)
Q: What is a mood disorder?
A: A mental health condition characterized by disturbances in emotional state, such as depression or bipolar disorder.
Q: What is the difference between mood and affect?
A: Mood is a prolonged emotional state, whereas affect is an immediate, observable emotional response.
Q: What are the major types of mood disorders?
Depressive disorders (e.g., Major Depressive Disorder, Dysthymia)
Bipolar disorders (e.g., Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Cyclothymia)
What are the static risk factors for depression ?
What are the dynamic risk factors for depression ?
static
Female sex
Older age
Past history of depression
Family history of depression or suicide
dynamic
Personal and social factors (e.g., bereavement, unemployment, social isolation)
Postpartum period
Physical health conditions (e.g., chronic illnesses)
what are the core symptoms of depression ?
- Low mood (diurnal variation)
Anhedonia (loss of - pleasure) - Anergy (low energy/fatigue)
Q: How is a depressive episode diagnosed?
What are the two main typed of bipolar disorder ?
Bipolar I: At least one manic episode, with or without depressive episodes.
Bipolar II: At least one hypomanic and one major depressive episode.
What are the key features of a manic episode ?
Elevated or irritable mood lasting ≥1 week
Increased energy, grandiosity
Rapid speech, flight of ideas
Decreased need for sleep
Impulsivity & risk-taking behavior
Q: How is hypomania different from mania?
Hypomania lasts ≥4 days but does not cause severe functional impairment or psychosis.
Mania lasts ≥1 week and may require hospitalization.
Q: What is the first-line treatment for depression?
A: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as sertraline and citalopram.
Q: What is the first-line medication for bipolar disorder?
A: Lithium (a mood stabilizer).
Q: What are second-line medications for bipolar disorder?
A: Sodium valproate or antipsychotics (e.g., Olanzapine).
Q: What therapy is effective for depression?
A: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
Q: When is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) used?
A: For severe or treatment-resistant depression, especially with psychotic symptoms.
Q: How should SSRIs be discontinued?
A: Gradually over 4 weeks to prevent discontinuation syndrome (except fluoxetine, which has a long half-life).
Q: Which antidepressants should be avoided in pregnancy?
A: Paroxetine (high risk of congenital malformations) and fluoxetine (long half-life).
