Mood Disorders Flashcards
What were depressive disorders grouped with in the DSM-IV?
-Depressive disorders and bipolar and related disorders were grouped together
What changes were made to the DSM-V?
- Depressive disorders and bipolar and related disorders are separate chapters
- Bipolar and related disorders is placed in between chapters on
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders and depressive disorders as a bridge between two diagnostic classes in terms of symptoms, family history, and genetics
What are the general characteristics of mood disorders?
- Much more serious than typical emotional states that everyone feels
- Involve significant disturbances in emotion, including extreme sadness (depression) or elation /irritability (mania)
- Are disabling (i.e., interfere with daily activities/ functioning)
What other serious psychological problems are mood disorders often associated with?
- Panic attacks
- Substance abuse
- Sexual dysfunction
- Personality disorders
What are the main diagnostic criteria of Major depressive disorder?
- Symptoms have to be present during the same 2 week period and represent a change from previous functioning with at least one of the symptoms being depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure
- Other symptoms include: significant weight loss or weight gain, Insomnia or hypersomia nearly every day, psychomotor agitation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt, diminished ability to think or concentrate, recurrent thoughts of death
What was the lifetime prevalence rates of MDD in the US?
- from 5.2% to 17.1%
Is major depressive disorder more common in women or men?
- 2x more common in women than in men
- Difference appears in adolescence and is maintained across the
lifespan
Why is there a gender difference in MDD?
- Men more likely to distract (e.g., watch a hockey game)
- Women are more likely to ruminate (brooding) on their depressive feelings and the causes of their depressive feelings. They are also more likely to co-ruminate with friends.
What did persistent depressive disorder used to be in the DSM-IV?
This disorder represents a consolidation of DSM-IV defined chronic major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder
What is the main diagnostic criteria for persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)?
- Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, as indicated by either subjective account or observation by others, for at least 2 years
- During the 2 year period of the disturbance, the individual has never been without the symptoms in criteria A and B for more than 2 months at a time.
- Criteria for MDD may be continuously present for 2 years
What is the lifetime prevalence of persistent mood disorder?
- lifetime prevalence of PDD is 4.6%, which is lower than lifetime prevalence of MDD
What is double depression?
People with persistent depressive disorder may also experience episodes of major depressive disorder.
What is Bipolar I disorder?
- Historically called manic-depressive disorder.
- For a diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder, the presence of at least 1 manic episode is required.
What is Bipolar II disorder?
For a diagnosis of a Bipolar II Disorder, at least 1 hypomanic episode, and at least 1 Major Depressive episode is required.
What is cyclothymic disorder?
- Don’t meet criteria for an actual hypomanic, manic, or depressive episode
- Duration is 2 years, chronic, low levels of these symptoms (have to have been present for 50% of the time)
What is the difference between Depressive disorders and Bipolar related disorders
key to depressive disorders is that no one has Mania or hypermania, if you have either of these you are automatically in the bipolar disorders. Mania distinguishes between the two types of disorders. You can have bipolar disorder without depression (i.e., just meet criteria for mania)
What are the signs and symptoms of mania?
- An emotional state or mood of intense but unfounded elation accompanied by irritability, hyperactivity, talkativeness, flight of ideas, distractibility, and impractical, grandiose plans
- Noticed by others due to loud and incessant remarks, sometimes full of puns, jokes, rhyming, etc., difficult to interrupt, shifting from topic to topic, need for activity that can be annoying to others and with poor planning
What is a manic episode according to the Bipolar I diagnostic criteria?
- a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day
- during the period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, three of the following symptoms (four if mood is only irritable) are present and represent a noticeable change from usual behaviour: inflated self esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative than usual, flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing, distractibility, increase in goal directed acitivty or psychomotor agitation, excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential of painful consequences.
What is a hypomanic episode according to the Bipolar I diagnostic criteria?
- A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day
- during the period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, three of the following symptoms (four if mood is only irritable) are present and represent a noticeable change from usual behaviour: inflated self esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative than usual, flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing, distractibility, increase in goal directed activity or psychomotor agitation, excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential of painful consequences.
What are mixed episodes?
- Can occur during a Depressive, Manic, or Hypomanic episode.
- Symptoms occur during the majority of days of the episode.
- The individual experiences rapidly alternating moods (sadness, irritability, euphoria) accompanied by symptoms of mania and depression.
- Criteria are met for both a Manic/Hypomanic Episode and a Major Depressive Episode nearly every day.
What is the main diagnostic criteria for Bipolar II disorder?
- Criteria have been met for at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode
- There has never been a manic episode
What is the main diagnostic criteria for Cyclothymic disorder?
- for at least 2 years there have been numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a MDD.
- During the above 2 year period, the hypomanic and depressive periods have been present for at least half of the time and the individual has not been without symptoms for 2 months at a time
- criteria for a major depressive, manic or hypomanic episode have never been met
Which is more common bipolar or MDD?
Bipolar and related disorders occur less often than MDD
-lifetime prevalence for Bipolar disorders (I and II) is 4.4 of the population. Cyclothymic is 2.5%
