Moray Flashcards
Outline the background to Moray
Cherry’s cocktail party effect
-If you are at a party even if you are not paying attention you will hear and avert attention if your name is said
What is the definition of Dichotic listening
-listening to different things in each ea at the same time
Outline what is meant by shadowing
This is repeating out loud what you can hear
Outline the definition of affective instructions
These are instructions that incluse the participants name
Outline what is meant by non-affective instructions
-These are instructions that don’t have the participants name in them
Outline the overall aim of Moray
-To provide a ‘rigorous’ empirical est o cherry’s findings
Outline what is meant by the cocktail party effect
—If you are at a party and aren’t paying attention you will still hear your name if it is said
Outline the sample used in experiment 1 of Moray
-undergraduate students ad research workers of both sex
Outline the procedure of experiment 1 of Moray
-A short list of words was spoken 35 times as the rejected or blocked message
-At the end of the shadowing task, particpants were asked to recall all they could remember from the rejected passage
-Then approximately 30 seconds after completion of the shadowing task, the participants were given a recognition task of 21 words
-7 of these from the shadowed message
-7 of these from the rejected message
-7 of these that did not appear in either of the messages
Outline the results of experiment 1 MORAY
4.9/7 from the shadowed message
1.9/7 from the rejected message
2.6/7 from neither of the passages
Outline the conclusion of Moray experiment 1
-In a situation where a subjects directs there attention to the reception of a message from one ear and rejects a message from the other ear, almost none of the verbal content of the rejected message is able to penetrate the block setup
Outline the controls across all three experiments in Moray
-participants all completed four trial shadowing tasks to practice before the study
-the loudness of each message was 60db above the participants hearing threshold \
-all passages were recorded by one male speaker
-all the passages were read at the same speed at 150 words a minute
Outline the am of experiment two in Moray
-To see if affective instructions would be strong enough to break the block setup
Describe the sample of experiment 2 of moray
-12 students/ researchers from the university of oxford
Outline the DV of Morays experiment 2
-Whether participants were more likely to hear an instruction in a message they are not paying attention to if it is preceded by their name
-This was operationalised by whether they reported hearing the instruction or whether they actually FOLLOWED the instruction
Outline the IV of experiment 2 of Moray
Whether an instruction within the rejected passage
- was an affective instruction
Was a non-affective instruction
Outline the procedure of Experient 2 Of Moray
- Two passages of light fiction were heard : one in each ear
-Both passages that the participant heard contained an instruction at the start and within them
-Both passages were read in a monotone male voice at 130 words per minute
Outline what each participant thought they did in Moray experiment 2
-They each shadowed ten passages of light fiction
-They each experienced the same ten passages in the same order so it is repeated measures design
-They were told the aim of the study was o make as little errors as possible
Outline the results from Moray experiment 2 on affective instructions
Outline the number of times the instructions were presented in the rejected message
-39
Outline how many times the rejected essay was heard
-20
Outline the results from experiment two of Moray on non affective instructions
Number of times it was said in the rejected passage
-36
Number of times it was heard
-4
Outline the conclusions from experiment two of Moray
-Affective cues are mre likely to be heard than non affective cues , your name breaks the inattentional barrier
Outline the aim of Experiment 3 of Moray
Would prior warnings about what they would be asked change what the participants might hear
Outline the sample and the experimental design of experiment 3 Moray
-2 groups of 14 people
-Independant measures design
Outline the Indeendent variable of Moray experiment 3
-One group was told that they would asked questions about te shadowed message and told to remember as many numbers as possible
-The other group was simply asked to remember as many digits as possible
