More pastQ Flashcards
(41 cards)
1
Q
non laboratory animals
A
non- human primates, wild or stray animals of domesticated species shall not be used for laboratory experimentation
2
Q
definition of a long journey
A
a journey that exceeds 8 hours starting from when the first animal of the consignment is moved
3
Q
animal welfare sanctions
dobbeltsjekk denne!
A
i følge ppt:
- official restrictions
- exclusion from state compensation
- fine: animal health / animal welfare
- infringement
- criminal offence
fra roy:
- official restrictions
- exclusion from state compensation
- fine: animal health/animal welfare
- infringement
- criminal offence
- animal protection penalty
- if anyone violates with his actions or his omission the provision of a regulation or official resolution relating to the protection and humane treatment of animals, must say an animal protection penalty, according to the weihgt and frequency of his conduct.
- the payment of the animal protection penalty does not absolve from other sanctions
4
Q
six examples of common veterinary legislations
A
the main areas of EU veterinary legislations
- the single market
- import from third countries
- animal health certificates
- reporting and recording of animal diseases
- preventative end control measures for the contagious animal disease
- national eradication plans
- animal welfare
- reference laboratories
- the veterinary committees of the EU
og fler rare jeg ikke tok med, sry
5
Q
stamping out
A
means the carrying out under the authority of the veterinary administration, on confirmation o a disease, of animal health prophylactic measures, consisting of killing the animals which are affected and those suspected of being affected in the herd, and where appropriate, those other herds which have been exposed to infection by direct animal to animal contact, or by indirect contact of a kind likely to cause transmission of the causal pathogen
6
Q
Duties of the national central veterinary office (chief veterinary office)
A
- preparation of veterinary legislation and transposition of EU directives into national law,
- supervision and coordination of the activities of the veterinary services at regional and district levels,
- decision-making in emergency situations,
- the coordination and cooperation with the network of diagnostic laboratories, according to contingency plans,
- negotiations with the Third Countries and national representative to various international organisations, e.g. OIE, FAO and WHO.
7
Q
Food and Agricultural Organization duties
A
Achieving food security for all is at the heart of FAO’s efforts - to make sure people have regular access to enough high-quality food to lead active, healthy lives.
- Putting information within reach
- Sharing policy expertise.
- Providing a meeting place for nations.
- Bringing knowledge to the field.
8
Q
The main areas of the EU veterinary legislation
A
- The single market
- Import from third countries
- Animal Health certificates
- Reporting and recording of animal diseases
- Preventive and control measures for the contagious animal diseases
- National eradication plans
9
Q
keep going
A
you can do it
10
Q
Roles of LAEC (Local Animal Experimental Committee)
dobbel?
A
- The preparation of the animal experimentation regulation (ethical codex)
- The control of observance of the animal experimentation regulation
- The professional-ethical supervision of the animal experimentation of the institution
- Organization of education and training of those authorized to carry out animal experiments
11
Q
International organizations of animal welfare
A
- Council of Europe- conventions
- OIE- guidelines
- WTO- Directives, regulations
- EU
12
Q
max journey time for farm animals
A
- Journey time shall not exceed 8 hours
- The maximum journey time may be expended if special requirements are met:
- Unweaned animals (foals, piglets, lambs, kids, still on milk diet) = 9 hours, 1 hour rest and another 9 hours
- Pig= Max 24 hours with continuous excess to water
- Equine: Max 24 hours , give water and feed every 8 hours
- Other animals= 14 hours, than stop for 1 hour for feeding and access to water. After that may be transported another 14 hours
13
Q
Chlorine disinfection
A
Advantage: - Widely used in every situation - Cheap - Easily available - Broad antimicrobial spectrum - Minimal environmental hazards Disadvantage - Inactivated by organic materials - Decompose after long storage - Other factors affecting its efficacy: ph, concentration, presence of natural proteins, presence of ammonia Corrosive, and irritative agent?!
14
Q
Category 2 carcasses
A
- Imported animals from a third country not complying with Community veterinary legislation
- Animals killed due to disease control
- Products of animal origin containing vet drug residues
- All animal materials collected when treating wastewater
- Fetuses, oocytes, sperms, embryos
- Dead in shell poultry
er disse med? er jo ikke carcasses
- Animal by products containing:
o Manure, digestive tract content
- Products of animal origin declared unfit for human consumption due to the presence of foreign bodies
15
Q
Carcasses of Category 3
A
- carcasses and parts of animals slaughtered or, in the case of game, bodies or parts of animals killed, and which are fit for human consumption in accordance with Community legislation, but are not intended for human consumption for commercial reasons;
- carcases and the following parts originating either from animals that have been slaughtered in a slaughterhouse and were considered fit for slaughter for human consumption following an ante-mortem inspection or bodies and the following parts of animals from game killed for human consumption in accordance with Community legislation
o a) carcases or bodies and parts of animals which are rejected as unfit for human consumption in accordance with Community legislation, but which did not show any signs of disease communicable to humans or animals
o b) heads of poultry
o c) hides and skins, including trimmings and splitting thereof, horns and feet, including the phalanges and the carpus and metacarpus bones, tarsus and metatarsus bones, of animals, other than ruminants requiring TSE testing, and ruminants which have been tested with a negative result
o d) pig bristles; e) feathers ;
- carcases and the following parts originating either from animals that have been slaughtered in a slaughterhouse and were considered fit for slaughter for human consumption following an ante-mortem inspection or bodies and the following parts of animals from game killed for human consumption in accordance with Community legislation
16
Q
Surgeries prohibited in pet animals
A
- Surgical operations for the purpose of modifying the appearance of a pet animal or for other non-curative purposes shall be prohibited and, in particular:
- Ear cropping
- Taildocking
- Devocalization
- Declawing and defanging
Exceptions to these prohibitions shall be permitted only: if a veterinarian considers non-curative procedures necessary either for veterinary medical reasons or for the benefit of any particular animal and to prevent reproduction
17
Q
Objectives of the council of Europe
A
- To protect the human rights, the pluralist democracy and the rule of law
- To promote awareness and encourage the development of Europes cultural identity and diversity ( animal welfare)
- To find common solutions to the challenges facing European society
- To consolidate democratic stability in Europe by backing political legislative and constitutional reform.
18
Q
List the duties of the WHO.
A
- Providing leadership on matters critical to health & engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed
- Shaping the research agenda & stimulating the generation, translation & dissemination of valuable knowledge
- Settling norms, standards, promoting and monitoring their implementation
- Articulating ethical & evidence-based policy options
- Providing technical support, catalyzing change & building sustainable institutional capacity
- Monitoring the health situation & assessing health trends
19
Q
Stamping out in Surveillance zone
A
- killing of susceptible animals, vaccinated or unvaccinated
- disposal of their carcasses by burning or burial or any other method which will eliminate the spread of the infection through carcasses or products
- cleaning and disinfection
20
Q
Iodine disinfectants
A
- Aqueous iodine (lugol solution) = antiseptic
- Alcoholic iodine (tincture of iodine) = antiseptics
- Iodophors (iodine+carrier compound) = disinfectants
- Release iodine in an acidic medium
- targets bacteria, viruses and cleaning
- teat dips, surgical scrubs, cleaning
- Hard water + large amount of organic material reduces the effect
21
Q
Stamping out on holdings
A
- Carrying out under the authority of veterinary administration consisting of killing all susceptible animal species vaccinated or not vaccinated in the infected premise, carcasses destroyed by burning or burial or other means which eliminates the spread of infection. This policy shall be accompanied by the cleansing and disinfection procedure
22
Q
List the 4 duties of the veterinary office in animal health/welfare
A
Animal health/animal welfare section
- execute the veterinary controls and check relating to surveillance and notification of certain animal diseases in the district.
- organise instant measures when notifiable diseases are suspected and confirmed and to implement measures to control, prevent and eliminate notifiable diseases according to contingency plans.
- organise monitoring for certain contagious diseases, to arrange the elimination of infected animals and herds and to institute preventive vaccination or other treatments of animals according to EU approved national disease control and eradication schemes.
- carry out epidemiologic investigations in order to trace sources of infections and contagious contacts to other animals and holdings in relation to appearance of various infectious or contagious diseases in the district.
- supervise and check - when relevant - movement of animals and certain animal products in order to identify animal health risks.
- issuing animal health certificates signed by official veterinarians in accordance with the EU criteria.
- supervise the veterinary practitioners in the area with special regard to cooperation and advice in case of apparition of notifiable diseases or suspicion thereof and in relation to use of certain veterinary medicinal products for treatment of diseases or for growth promotion purposes in livestock holdings within the area.
- supervise veterinary surgeons who are accredited to carry out statutory work in the area, i.e. tuberculin testing and other diagnostic work related to systematic disease eradication schemes and provisions for back- up documentation for issuing animal health certificate in relation to trade.
23
Q
4 duties of veterinary office in public health
A
Veterinary public health section
- enforce veterinary surveillance and checks on products, and notification of consumer health hazards including zoonoses in the district.
- organize instant measures when consumer health hazards are suspected and confirmed, and to control, prevent and eliminate consumer health hazards according to emergency plans.
- supervise and coordinate the veterinary meat inspection services at slaughterhouses and meat product plants in the district, and to supervise veterinary surgeons who are appointed to carry out supervision of food and inspection of meat in the area.
- supervise the official veterinarians issuing hygiene certificates in accordance with the EU criteria.
- supervise and check movement of products of animal and fish origin in order to verify the identity and origin.
- supervise the use of certain veterinary medicinal products for treatment of diseases or for growth promotion purposes in livestock holdings within the area, and to organise the sampling of animals and food submitted to analytical checks
24
Q
Enriched cage – hens
A
- At least 750 cm2 of cage area for each laying hens (600 cm2: usable)
cage: at least 2000 cm2 - nest
- litter: pecking and scratching
- perches
- Feed trough: 12 cm/ laying hen
- Drinking system; 2 nipple drinkers or 2 drinking cups: within reach
- Aisle: min. width of 90 cm
- Claw-shortening device
25
Unenriched cage:
PROHIBITED!
- At least 550 cm2 of cage area for each laying hens
- Feed trough: 10 cm/ laying hen
- Drinking channel: 10 cm/ laying hen or 2 nipple drinkers or 2 drinking cups/ cage
- 40 cm high over 65% of the cage area and not less than 35 cm at any point
- Floor slope: max. 14% (if not rectangular wire mess: steeper slopes permissible)
- 1 January 2003/2012
26
Weaning of piglets
- weaning: not less than 4 weeks of age, unless the welfare or health of the dam or piglets would be otherwise adversely affected
- max 7 days earlier if specialised housing
27
Acceptable reasons of Killing animals
- Animals must not be killed unless it is justified by acceptable reasons or conditions. Acceptable reasons are the following: especially food production, fur production, population control, incurable disease, injury, risk of infection, pest control, prevention of an otherwise unavoidable attack, and scientific research.
28
International organizations active in animal welfare
- Council of Europe
- World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)
- World Trade Organisation
- European Union
29
National Laboratories
- Member States shall ensure that in each Member State there is designated a national laboratory with facilities and expert personnel enabling it to show at all times, and especially when the disease in question first appears, the type, sub-type and variant of the relevant virus.
30
How can you license the experimentation on animals other than lab animals (farm, companion wild animals)
- The animal health authority may give license for the use in animal experiments of:
- farm animals and companion animals.
- animals taken from the wild (protected species: if it is
- approved by the nature preservation authority)
- Non-human primates and stray and feral animals of a domesticated species shall not be used in animal experiments (exemption only on the basis of scientific justification).
31
Veterinary laboratories
- Public veterinary laboratories
- Veterinary laboratory of a holding
- Veterinary (clinical) laboratory)
32
Animal must not be killed unless it is justified by acceptable reasons:
- food production
- furr production
- population control
- incurable diseases
- injury
- risk of infection
- pest control
- scientific research
- prevent unavoidable attacks
33
Causes of disinfection failure
- Possible causes of disinfection failure include the following
o Over dilution of disinfectant during the pre-mixing or application
o Incomplete or inadequate cleaning
o Poor disinfectant penetration or coverage
o Insufficient time on surfaces
o Inadequate temperature and humidity while the material is being applied
- Failure can also result from inactivation or neutralization of the disinfectant, due to the presence of residual cleaning liquids which were not adequately flushed away before the disinfectant was applied
- A common mistake is to select a product which is ineffective against the contaminating organism
- The entire process must be repeated if examination of sentinel animals or laboratory tests on environmental samples indicate that pathogens have survived the procedure
34
What to do if a single animal is positive for EBL
- If a single animal in an officially enzootic-bovine leukosis free herd has reacted positively, or where infection is otherwise suspected in one animal in a herd:
o The animal which has reacted positively, and, in the case of a cow, any calf it may have produced, must have left the herd for slaughter under the supervision of the veterinary authorities.
o All animals in the herd more than 12 months of age have reacted negatively on two serological tests (at least 4 months and less then 12 months apart) carried out at least three months after removal of the positive animal and any possible progeny thereof.
o An epidemiological inquiry has been conducted with negative results and the herds linked epidemiologically to the infected herd have been tested
o However, the competent authority may grant a derogation from the obligation to slaughter the calf of an infected cow where it was separated from its mother immediately after calving. In this case the calf must be tested at the age of 24 months.
35
Generation shift
- Isolated keeping and rearing of free calves
- Pregnant cows (intrauterine infection): vaccination before calving (conventional or marker vaccine)
- Calves:
o Isolation from 3 days of age
o 1st blood test: 6 months of age
o Elimination of positives
o Blood test every 3-6 weeks, until 2 negative results of all animals
36
Exeperimental anumals NOT used for
- No license may be granted for experiments proposed for the purpose of manufacture of cosmetics, tobacco, other consumer goods, weapons and their component and ammunition
37
Principle for the keeping of pet animals
- Nobody shall cause a pet animal unnecessary pain, suffering or distress.
- Nobody shall abandon a pet animal.
- Any person who keeps a pet animal or who has agreed to look after it, shall be responsible for its health and welfare.
- Any person who is keeping a pet animal or who is looking after it shall provide accommodation, care and attention which take account of the ethological needs of the animal in accordance with its species and breed, in particular:
- Give it suitable and sufficient food and water;
- Provide it with adequate opportunities for exercise; take all reasonable measures to prevent its escape;
- An animal shall not be kept as a pet animal if the conditions above are not met or if, in spite of these conditions being met, the animal cannot adapt itself to captivity.
- Any person who selects a pet animal for breeding shall be responsible for having regard to the anatomical, physiological and behavioural characteristics which are likely to put at risk the health and welfare of either the offspring or the female parent
- No pet animal shall be sold to persons under the age of sixteen without the express consent of their parents or other persons exercising parental responsibilities.
- No pet animal shall be trained in a way that is detrimental to its health and welfare, especially by forcing it to exceed its natural capacities or strength or by employing artificial aids which cause injury or unnecessary pain, suffering or distress.
38
Rules of vaccination for disease control - (authorization, measures taken in vaccinated zone and for the vaccinated animals)
- Vaccination against the diseases listed may not be carried out except as a supplement to control measures taken when the disease in question broke out, in accordance with the following provisions:
- The decision to introduce vaccination as a supplement to control measures shall be taken by the Commission, in cooperation with the Member State concerned,
This decision shall be based on the following criteria in particular:
- the concentration of animals of the species concerned in the affected zone,
- the characteristics and composition of each vaccine used,
- the procedures for supervision of the distribution, storage and use of vaccines,
- the species and age of the animals which may or must be vaccinated,
- the areas in which vaccination may or must be carried out,
- the duration of the vaccination campaign.
The vaccination or re-vaccination of animals of susceptible species on the holdings where the disease is suspected shall be prohibited;
- The use of hyper-immune serum injection shall be prohibited.
- In the event of recourse to vaccination, the following rules shall apply:
- all vaccinated animals must be identified by a clear and legible mark
- all vaccinated animals must remain within the vaccination zone unless sent to a slaughterhouse designated by the competent authority for immediate slaughter, in which case the movement of animals may be authorized only after the official veterinarian has carried out an examination of all the susceptible animals on the holding and confirmed that none of the animals is suspected of being infected.
- Each Member State shall draw up a contingency plan applicable to all the diseases listed.
39
TSE monitoring of Ovine and caprine animals
Active surveillance:
- Animals over 18 months of age which are not slaughtered for human consumption, such as fallen stock, which have died or been killed, but not in the framework of an epidemic. There are minimum sample sizes for both ovine and caprine animals.
- 2. Animals culled in the framework of TSE eradication and animals from infected herds where the culling measures have been delayed.
- 3. Healthy animals over 18 months of age slaughtered for human consumption. Only Member States with major ovine or caprine populations are required to test an annual minimum sample size of such animals.
Passive surveillance: testing animals identified as TSE suspects by the veterinarian or the farmer
40
BSE-monitoring of bovine animals
Active surveillance:
- Testing of all "at risk" animals over 24 months of age, which either are not slaughtered for human consumption, such as fallen stock which have died or been killed, but not in the framework of an epidemic, or are emergency slaughtered animals or animals with clinical observations at the ante mortem inspection preceding slaughter.
o However, based on a favourable epidemiological situation most Member States have been authorised to apply a revised annual BSE monitoring programme and test only risk animals over 48 months of age provided that the animals have been born in those Member States.
- 2. The testing of all healthy slaughtered animals over 30 months of age.
o However, the Member States which are authorised to apply a revised annual BSE monitoring programme are allowed to no longer test healthy slaughtered bovine animals.
Passive surveillance: testing animals identified as BSE suspects by the veterinarian or the farmer
41
Measures in case of TSE infections
- When a case of TSE has been officially confirmed, the following measures must be applied:
- an inquiry must be launched to identify the possible origin of the disease and all animals and derived products which may be contaminated;
- in case of confirmation of BSE in a bovine animal, killing and complete destruction of the bovine animals identified by the inquiry;
- in case of confirmation of BSE in an ovine or caprine animal, killing and complete destruction of all the animals, embryos and ova identified;
- only certain ovine and caprine animals of a known genotype - and products derived from them - may be introduced onto a holding where destruction has taken place because of an outbreak of TSE;
- Pending the results of the inquiry, the holding in which the infection was confirmed is placed under official control and all movement of animals susceptible to TSEs (and products of animal origin) from or to the holding must be strictly authorised by the competent authority. Owners are compensated without delay for the loss of animals or products of animal origin.
