Minimum questions

Question 1

Definition of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax

Answer 1

• Were in contact with animal died of, diseased in or suspicious to anthrax within 20 days before the confirmation
• Consumed feedstuffs or water of the same origin as feedstuffs or water of animal dies of, diseased in or suspicious to anthrax
• Grazed on a pasture infected with anthrax without vaccination (carried out min 2 weeks and max 6 months before)

Question 2

Definition of animals diseased with anthrax

Answer 2

• Typical clinical signs
• Characteristic lesions in the organs (pm,
meat inspection)
• Laboratory findings

Question 3

Official measures in case of animals diseased with anthrax

Answer 3

((((Separation (3 groups)
   - Diseased and suspected of being 
       diseased
   - Suspected of being infected 
   - Other susceptible animals ))))

Diseased and suspected of being diseased:
- Immediate obligatory treatment
- Change of feedstuffs, drinking water, no
grazing

Question 4

Official measures in case of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax

Answer 4

• Vaccination, 14 days observation
• Cattle, horse: taking the temperature every day
• Sheep, goats, pigs: daily observation
• In case of fever or clinical signs: treatment (these animals are considered as suspected of being diseased)

Question 5

Rules of taking samples in case of FMD suspicion

Answer 5

• 1g of tissue from an unruptured or recently ruptured vesicle.
• Epithelium samples should be placed in a transport medium which maintains a pH of 7.2-7.4.
• Samples should be kept at 4 C
• Oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid collected by means of a probang cup (a special device for collecting cells from the walls of the upper part of the oesophageus)

Question 6

6. Use of vaccination in case of confirmation of FMD

Answer 6

Vaccination
• Trade in vaccinated animals is prohibited
• Vaccinated animals from tested herds may be moved within the Member State
• A system of traceability ensures that they are excluded from Community trade

Emergency vaccination
• Classification of herds
• Animals: clearly identified and registered and must not be moved
• Specific measures in the vaccination zone to the movements of animals, fresh meat and other animal products, milk and milk products
• Clinical and serological survey

Protective vaccination
• Regionalisation of the vaccination zone
• Second surveillance zone: at least 10 km wide

Suppressive vaccination
• Part of an immediate stamping-out strategy
• Applied to ensure minimum spread of the virus during disposal of infected animals
• Carried out only within the protection zone and on clearly identified holdings

Question 7

Rules of recovery of foot and mouth disease free status if no vaccination has been used:

Answer 7

• The control and eradication measures laid down for the protection and surveillance zones have been effective and may be lifted
• At least three months have elapsed after the last recorded outbreak

Question 8

Definition of officially brucellosis free bovine herd

Answer 8

• No clinical signs (for min 12 months)
• No vaccination (for min 3 years)
• All animals over 12 months: 2 serological tests (6 – 12 m interval)
• Animals introduced: from officially free herds or tested within 30 days
• Regular testing (every year)
• General measures (isolation of the holding, record of comp. laboratory examinations, separate calving, control of movements of visitors, animals, vehicles, controls of dogs and cats on the holding, etc.)

Question 9

Definition of positive single intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 9

Positive: if clinical signs are observed or there is an increase of 4 mm or more in the thickness of the fold of skin at the injection site

Question 10

Definition of negative single intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 10

Negative: if only limited swelling is observed, with an increase of not more than 2 mm in the thickness of the fold of skin without clinical signs such as diffuse or extensive edema, exudation, necrosis, pain or inflammation of the lymphatic ducts in that region or of the lymph nodes

Question 11

Definition of positive comparative intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 11

Positive: a positive reaction which is more than 4 mm greater than the avian reaction, or the presence of clinical signs

Question 12

Definition of negative comparative intradermal tuberculin test

Answer 12

Negative: a negative bovine reaction, or a positive or inconclusive bovine reaction but which is equal to or less than a positive or inconclusive avian reaction and the absence of clinical signs in both cases

Question 13

Definition of tuberculosis free bovine herd

Answer 13

• No clinical signs (min 12 months)
• All animals over 6 weeks: two official intradermal tuberculin tests
• 1st: 6 months after the removal of
infected animals
• 2nd: 6-12 months later
• Animals introduced: from officially free herds or tested (within 30 days)
• Meat inspection, lesions: compulsory investigation
• (two) yearly tuberculin testing of all animals over 12 months
• General measures (isolation of the holding, record of comp. laboratory examinations, control movements of visitors, animals, vehicles, controls of dogs and cats on the holding, etc.)

Question 14

Definition of officially enzootic-bovine-leukosis-free herd

Answer 14

1. there is no evidence, either clinical or as a result of a laboratory test, of any case of enzootic bovine leukosis in the herd and no such case has been confirmed in the previous 24 months
2. all animals over 24 months of age have reacted negatively during the preceding 12 months to two tests carried out at an interval of at least 4 months
3. any animals introduced into the herd:
   • come from an officially enzootic bovine-
   leukosis-free herd
   • originate from establishments where
   there has been no evidence of EBL within
   the 24 months prior to their dispatch;

• all animals over 24 months of age
  reacted negatively to a test on two
  occasions at an interval of not less than 4
  months while kept in isolation; or have
  been subjected to a serological test, with
  a negative result, within 30 days prior to
  their introduction
• all animals less than 24 months of age
  were born to dams, that have been
  subjected to a serological test for EBL,
  with negative results, carried out on
  samples taken during the past 12 months
  on two occasions at an interval of not less
  than 4 months

4. all germinal products of bovine animals introduced into the establishment originate from establishments free from EBL; or from an approved germinal product establishments

Question 15

Definition of IBR-virus free bovine herd

Answer 15

• Systematic use of BoHV-1-gE negative marker vaccine

* All animals over 6 months of age are tested 2x (interval 2-12 months): discriminative ELISA

Question 16

Maintenance of IBR-virus free status in bovine herd

Answer 16

• All animals over 6 months of age: tested in every 12 months
• Animals for slaughter: test before transport for slaughter
• Dairy herd: milk test in every 6 months
• Aborted animals: test 3-6 weeks after abortion
• Only animals originating from free herds are introduced (test: 2x, 21 days interval)

Question 17

Definition of specified risk material in bovine animals

Answer 17

• The skull excluding the mandible and including the brain and eyes, and the spinal cord of animals aged over 12 months
• The vertebral column excluding the vertebrae of the tail, the transverse processes of the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae and the wings of the sacrum, but including dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord of animals aged over 30 months
• The tonsils and the last four meters of the small intestines, the caecum and the mesentery of animals of all ages

Question 18

Definition of specified risk material in ovine and caprine animals

Answer 18

• The skull including the brain and eyes, the tonsils, the spinal cord of animals aged over 12 months or which have a permanent incisor erupted through the gum
• The spleen and ileum of animals of all ages

Question 19

Definition of “cohort” in case of confirmation of BSE

Answer 19

Means a group of bovine animals which were either born in the same herd as, and within 12 months previous or following the birth of, the affected cattle or reared together with the affected animal at any time during the first year of their life and which may have consumed the same feed as that which the affected animal consumed during the first year of its life

Question 20

Official measure in case of confirmation of African swine fever on a holding

Answer 20

• All the pigs on the holding are killed and their carcasses processed
• All contaminated material (meat, semen, ova) or waste must be destroyed, processed or treated
• Cleaning and disinfection of all premises, vehicles and equipment under official supervision
• Meat of pigs slaughtered during the period between the probable introduction of disease to the holding and the taking of official measures shall wherever possible be traced and processed under official supervision

Question 21

Official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever on a holding

Answer 21

• All the pigs on the holding are killed and their carcasses rendered
• Any material (meat, sperm, ova) or waste likely to be contaminated is destroyed, rendered or processed
• Cleaning and disinfection under official supervision
• Meat of pigs slaughtered during the period between the probable introduction of disease to the holding, and the taking of official measures shall wherever possible be traced and processed under official supervision
• Epidemiological enquiry

Question 22

Official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever in feral pigs

Answer 22

• Determination of the infected area
• Official surveillance on the pig holdings in the area
• Official census
• Isolation of domestic pigs from feral pigs
• No pigs enter or leave the holding without authorization
• Written plan of the measures taken to eradicate the disease in the infected area

Collection of information on the:
- Geographical distribution of the disease
- Information campaign to increase hunters’
awareness of the measures to be taken
- Approximate number of feral pig populations in
and around the infected area
- Method of removal of feral pigs found
dead or shot

Question 23

Use of vaccination in case of confirmation of classical swine fever

Answer 23

• Use of preventive classical swine fever vaccines is prohibited
• The member state concerned may submit an emergency vaccination plan to the Commission for both farm pigs and feral pigs

Question 24

Definition of Aujeszky disease infection free swine herd

Answer 24

• No infection for 2 years
• Epidemiological conditions (eg. isolation, controlled movements, laboratory examinations, records) (!!!)
• No vaccination for 12 months
• Testing of all breeding sows and boars and representative sample of fattening pigs
• Insemination or natural breeding with negative semen/boars

Question 25

Definition of animals diseased of equine infectious anaemia

Answer 25

* Typical clinical signs or * Non-typical clinical signs but demonstration of the virus and/or 2 positive serology (interval: 21 days) * Pathology, histopathology

Question 26

Definition of animals suspected of being contaminated with equine infectious anaemia

Answer 26

* Kept within 90 days with diseased or suspected of being diseased animals * No clinical signs but 2 inconclusive or 1 positive serology (interval: 21 days)

Question 27

Evaluation of ophthalmic test in case of glanders

Answer 27

• 24 hours rest • 0.2 ml mallein dripped onto the conjunctiva • Evaluation 8-12 or 16-24 hours o Positive: swelling, purulent discharge o Inconclusive: mucous discharge o Negative

Question 28

Official control measures in case of confirmation of African horse sickness outbreak

Answer 28

* Informing the public about restrictions * Killing of infected horses * Disposal of carcasses and animal waste * Strict disinfection * 20 km zone: official surveillance, obligatory vaccination, laboratory examination of dogs, killing of diseased dogs * Epizootic injury * Taking into account of epidemiological, geographical, climatic conditions

Question 29

Definition of potentially rabid animal

Answer 29

* An animal that shows the symptoms of the disease * An animal that is symptomless but has been bitten by a rabid or potentially rabid animal * A wild mammal which behaves strangely or attacks humans

Question 30

Definition of potentially rabies-infected animal

Answer 30

An animal that has or may have been in contact with a rabid or potentially rabid animal within the last 90 days

Question 31

Definition of rabies risky animal

Answer 31

* Any mammal that has attacked or bitten humans | * Any dog that has not received an anti-rabies vaccination in accordance with the regulations

Question 32

Official measures with potentially rabid animals

Answer 32

* The potentially rabid domestic animals or susceptible animals kept in captivity shall be killed or, upon the animal keeper’s request, put under official monitoring for 90 days if the conditions of such monitoring can be ensured without any problem. The animal showing clinical symptoms shall be inspected daily, while the animals not showing clinical symptoms shall be inspected weekly * The potentially rabid stray or wild animals shall be killed and then the official veterinarian shall be informed without delay

Question 33

Official measures with potentially rabies-infected animals

Answer 33

• The potentially rabies-infected animals shall be put under official monitoring for 90 days o The potentially rabies-infected carnivorous animals shall be monitored under separation at the place of their keeping, inspected once every 3 weeks or, if their safe separation is not possible at an official place o The potentially rabies-infected non- carnivorous animals shall be inspected once every 3 weeks. During the monitoring period the animals shall be kept and preferably tied and separated to avoid their contact with humans or other animals

Question 34

Official measures with potentially rabies risky animals

Answer 34

* The rabies-risky animals shall be put under official monitoring for 14 days and, unless they already have it, the dogs shall be marked with an electronic transponder (a microchip implanted under the skin) at the owner’s cost. At the end of the monitoring period it is necessary to order the anti-rabies vaccination of the dogs not having a valid anti-rabies vaccination * The rabies-risky carnivorous animals shall be monitored on the dog keeper’s site or, in lack of that, on any other site available and suitable for such purpose inhibiting any contact with humans and other animals * The animals showing any clinical symptoms shall be inspected daily until they are fully recovered, while the animals not showing clinical symptoms shall be inspected weekly * The rabies-risky non-carnivorous animals shall be monitored at the place of their keeping or separation

Question 35

Rules of preventive vaccination of dogs against rabies

Answer 35

• The animal keeper shall arrange, at his/her own cost, for the vaccination of all dogs above 3 months of age to be performed by the private veterinarian responsible for the animal health supervision of such dogs as follows: o within 30 days after reaching 3 months of age o within 6 months after the first vaccination o every year afterwards

Question 36

Public health measures in case of rabies

Answer 36

• The official veterinarian shall notify the competent regional institution of medical authority if: o He/she confirms rabies or potential rabies o He/she becomes aware of the fact that a rabid or potentially rabid or potentially rabies-infected animal has bitten (attacked) any person • Upon the detection of any wound caused by a dog, cat or wild animal, the physician caring for the wound shall immediately notify in writing the competent official veterinary authority about the information available with regard to the circumstances of the case including, in particular, the name and home address of the animal keeper. Based on such notification, the official veterinarian shall take the necessary measures without delay

Question 37

Official measures in case of confirmation of Newcastle disease on a holding

Answer 37

* All poultry killed on the spot * The carcasses and eggs are destroyed * Any substance or waste liable to be contaminated is destroyed or treated * The meat of poultry slaughtered during the presumed incubation period is traced and destroyed * Hatching eggs laid during the presumed incubation period is traced and destroyed; poultry which hatched from such eggs is placed under official surveillance * Thorough cleaning and disinfection * Reintroduction: at least 21 days after the end of the disinfection operations

Question 38

Official measures in case of confirmation of Newcastle disease in pigeons

Answer 38

* Application of the control and eradication measures provided for the poultry; or * At least a ban on movement of the pigeons or birds kept in captivity: for at least 60 days * Destruction or treatment of any matter or waste likely to be contaminated * An epizootiological inquiry * Use of swill is prohibited for the feeding of poultry * Contingency plan

Question 39

Rules of lifting the restrictions ordered in case of scabies

Answer 39

• Observation period: sheep: if < 2 cm wool: 42 days after dipping o If > 2 cm wool: 70 days after 2x dipping o If other means of treatment: 42 days • Other species: 42 days after 2x treatment

Question 40

Official control measures with rabbit flocks diseased of viral haemorrhagic disease

Answer 40

* Diseased: movement restrictions, slaughter prohibited; killing the rabbits * Proper disposal of carcasses * In case of valuable flock: killing only of the diseases animals + healthy animals in the flock are vaccinated and the movement restrictions and vaccination is continued during the next 6 months!!