More Pyelonephritis

Question 1

What is the definition of pyelonephritis?

Answer 1

Inflammation of the kidneys due to ascending infection or bloodstream infusion

Pyelonephritis can be associated with pregnancy, recurrent lower UTIs, and antibiotic-resistant strains.

Question 2

List some causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Answer 2

• Renal calculi
• Pregnancy
• Bladder atony
• Bladder cancer
• Prostate hyperplasia
• Urethral strictures
• Neurogenic bladder

Neurogenic bladder is a condition affecting the spinal cord and can lead to urinary obstruction.

Question 3

What are common symptoms of a kidney infection?

Answer 3

• Fever
• Chills
• Sudden onset
• Flank pain
• Dysuria
• Hematuria

Symptoms may vary based on the severity of the infection and the presence of other complications.

Question 4

What is hydronephrosis?

Answer 4

Swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine

It occurs when there is an obstruction in the renal pelvis that prevents urine from draining properly.

Question 5

What are potential treatments for hydronephrosis?

Answer 5

• Antibiotics (e.g., Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
• Surgical intervention
• Ciprofloxacin
• Nitrofurantoin

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and any complications present.

Question 6

True or False: Nephrolithiasis refers to the presence of stones in the urinary tract.

Answer 6

True

Nephrolithiasis can range from small grains of sand to larger stones comparable to a golf ball.

Question 7

Fill in the blank: Obstructions in the renal pelvis can cause _______.

Answer 7

symptoms to back up

This may include pain or difficulty urinating due to the accumulation of urine.

Question 8

What are the two major sites where kidney stones can form?

Answer 8

• Ureter
• Bladder

Stones can occur anywhere along the urinary tract.

Question 9

What is the significance of a severe systemic response in urinary tract conditions?

Answer 9

It can determine severe morbidity and mortality rates

This response may indicate a serious infection or complication requiring immediate medical attention.

Question 10

What does ‘urinalysis’ help identify?

Answer 10

Presence of infection or obstruction

A urinalysis is a common test used to evaluate urinary tract health.

Question 11

What does the term ‘nephrolithiasis’ specifically refer to?

Answer 11

Presence of kidney stones

Nephrolithiasis can be described as clumps of crystals in the urinary tract.