More stuff Flashcards
Anaphylaxis is defined by?
airway compromise or hypotension
Triggers?
(1) Drugs (Antibiotics, NSAIDs; ANY DRUG)
(2) Foods (nuts, shellfish, soy, eggs)
(3) Additives (sulfites)
(4) Toxins (insect stings, venom)
(5) Chemicals (contrast dye, latex)
Classic presentation?
- pruritis
- flushing
- urticaria
Progression of anaphylaxis?
(a) Throat fullness (lump sensation)
(b) Anxiety
(c) Chest tightness, SOB, Lightheadedness
Severe Reaction of anaphylaxis?
(a) Loss of consciousness
(b) Cardiorespiratory arrest
The faster the onset the…
severe the reaciton
Within what timeline does anaphylaxis occur?
60 min
Tx for anaphylaxis
- ** Rapid admin of EPI 0.5mg IM
- Remove agent
- C - A - B
2nd line therapies for anaphylaxis?
- Solumedrol 125mg IM/IV
- Antihistamine (IV Benadryl preferred)
- Nebulized albuterol
Initial approach to any toxic inhalation?
- Scene safety
How do Inhaled agents manifest their toxic effects by?
1) physical particulates
2) simple asphyxiants
3) chemical irritants
4) chemical asphyxiants.
What may act as a vehicle that carries toxic chemicals thru the respiratory system?
Physical particulates
When is physical particulates most commonly encountered?
with cases of smoke inhalation.
Tx for particulate inhalation exposure?
- Remove from source
- O2
- Albuterol if needed
How do simple asphyxiants works?
cause injury by merely being present in an environment and displacing the normal levels of atmospheric oxygen
What are the gases involved in simple asphyxiants
1) carbon dioxide (CO2),
2) Nitrogen,
3) Methane,
4) Natural gas.
What do simple asphyxiants effect?
Cause hypoxia, no other effects on body’s cells
How will patients present if the simple asphyxiant is CO2?
narcotic-like sleepiness as the initial effect of exposure.
Tx for simple asphyxiants?
(b) Administration of High-concentration oxygen
(c) cardiopulmonary support as indicated.
What do chemical irritants interact with?
chemical reaction with the mucus membranes of the eyes and respiratory system.
What are hydrophilic chemical irritants?
Chemical irritants that are highly reactive with water
What is significant about hydrophilic chemical irritants?
react quickly with the moist membranes of the eyes and the upper respiratory tree, causing immediate intense burning and pain.
What is significant about non-hydrophilic chemical irritants?
can pass more
deeply into the lungs and cause direct lung injury
Common non-hydrophilic chemical irritants?
phosgene gas, a major chemical used to make plastics and pesticides
