The motor nuclei of the Facial nerve and the Glossopharyngeal nerve (superior and inferior salivary nuclei) are located where?
border of pons and medulla
Where is the motor nucleus for CN IX, X, and XI (nucleus Ambiguous)?
dorsal medulla
What cranial nerve motor nucleus is located in the medulla beneath the 4th ventricle?
Nucleus of Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
T/F: The sensory nucleus of CN V is located at the level of mid pons along with the motor nucleus.
False; sensory nucleus (mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal) is located in the mid brain, but the motor nucleus is located at the level of mid pons
What is the term for a complete loss of smell, which is not usually indicative of a cortical lesion?
Anosmia; perversion, hallucination, or diminution of smell is more likely with a cortical lesion
What is the term for a decreased sense of smell?
increased sense of smell?
Hyposmia;
Hyperosmia
What is the term for a perversion of smell?
abnormally disagreeable smell?
Parosmia;
Cacosmia
Which neurons pass through the cribriform plate, primary or secondary?
primary
Where do myelinated, secondary neurons of the olfactory tract terminate?
in the primary olfactory cortex
Which neurons of the olfactory tract extend from the primary olfactory cortex to the entorhinal cortex (area 28), lateral preoptic area, amygdaloid body, and the medial forebrain bundle?
tertiary neurons
T/F: The order of the cells associated with the Optic Nerve is, Rods and cones->Ganglion cells->Bipolar cells
False: Rods and cones->bipolar cells->Ganglion cells
What is the term for sunken in eyes?
Enophthalmus
What visual apparatus lesion involves the optic nerve or tract and is most commonly caused by MS?
Retrobulbar neuritis
What visual apparatus lesion involves various forms of retinitis such as, simple, proteinuric, syphilitic, diabetic, hemorrhagic, and hereditary?
Optic or Bulbar neuritis
What visual apparatus lesion is a common symptom seen with increased intracranial pressure due to brain tumors, abscesses, hemorrhage, hypertension, etc?
Papilledema aka Choked Disc
What visual apparatus lesion is associated with decreased visual acuity and a change in the color of the optic disc to light pink, white, or gray?
Optic atrophy
What visual apparatus lesion is caused by processes that involve the optic nerve and do not produce papilledema?
Primary optic atrophy
T/F: Secondary optic atrophy is a sequel of papilledema?
True
T/F: Primary (simple) optic atrophy may be due to neuritis, glaucoma, or increased intracranial pressure.
False; this is true of Secondary Optic Atrophy; Primary may be due to tabes dorsalis, MS, or hereditary
What syndrome may be caused by tumors at the base of the frontal lobe and is characterized by ipsilateral blindness and anosmia and contralateral papilledema?
Foster Kennedy Syndrome
What syndrome involves cerebromacular degeneration with severe mental deficiency occuring in Jewish families, and is associated with blindness, optic atrophy, and a dark cherry red spot in place of the macula lutea?
Amaurotic familial idiocy aka Tay-Sachs Disease
What syndrome involves a pupil which only reacts to accommodation (no light reflex), seen in patients with neuorsyphillis and/or diabetes?
Argyll Robertson pupil
Which syndrome involves a “myotonic pupil?”
Holmes-Adie Syndrome
What is the term for deviation of bilateral eye alignment?
heterotropia
T/F: the term for outward/lateral movement of the eyes is esotropia.
False; this is Exotropia, esotropia is inward/medial
What is the primary function of the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus?
coordinate eye movements
There are 2 separate supranuclear pathways for eye movements. Which is thought to control mostly saccadic (rapid or darting) eye movement? Which is thought to control mostly smooth or following eye movement?
frontal lobe;
occipital lobe
What is the term for involuntary eye oscillations?
Nystagmus
T/F: Disease of CN II will diminish pupilloconstriction unilaterally.
False; bilaterally
What syndrome involves a pupil that reacts to light very slowly, remains constrcted longer, and then dilates very slowly? This occurs most often in which demographic?
Holmes-Adie Syndrome aka Adie’s Pupil or tonic pupil;
occurs most in young females
What syndrome involves sympathetic hyofunction, often due to lesions of the neck proximal to the carotid artery bifurcation that compress ascending sympathetic fibers?
Horner’s syndrome
Paralysis of the superior tarsal muscle?
Ptosis
What is facial anhydrosis?
lack of sweating due to denervation of sweat glands ipsilaterally
