More verbs and other words Flashcards
(45 cards)
Contar –Give present, preterite, imperfect, and participle
To count • Cuento • Cuenta • Cuentas • Cuentado (participle) • Conté, contó (preterite) • Contaba, contabas (imperfect)
Dar (2) –Give present, preterite, imperfect, and participle
To give, to take (as in, “to take a step forward”, which is actually ‘giving’ a step forward → “To take” [in the traditional sense] = Tomar)
Present • Doy (1st person present) • Da (He/she/it gives, OR IMPERATIVE) • Das • Dan • Damos
Past
• Di, dio, diste (tú) (preterite)
• Daba, daba, dabas (imperfect)
• Dado (participle)
Yo le doy el dinero para comprar los boletos.
-I’m giving him the money in order to buy the tickets.
Les doy mi palabra.
-I give you that commitment.
Les doy la bienvenida.
-I wish a very warm welcome to you all.
Le doy las gracias.
-You have my sincere thanks.
Doy simplemente un ejemplo.
-Let me give you one simple example.
Deber (4) –Give present, preterite, imperfect, and participle
To owe, must/should/ought to do something
Present • Debo • Debe • Debes • Debemos • Deben
Past
• Preterite –Debí (yo), debío (3rd person), debiste (tú)
• Imperfect –Debía, debías
○ Imperfect tense usually used
Participle
• Debido
No tome más que las pastillas que debe tomar.
-Do not take more pills than you are supposed to.
Estas pastillas deberían aliviar las palpitaciones.
-These pills should alleviate the throbbing.
Yo debería haber manejado.
-I should have driven.
La muerte debió de ocurrir repentinamente.
-Death must have occurred suddenly.
No debes insultarle, no le insultes.
-You must not insult him, don’t insult him.
No debió hacerlo, sin embargo lo hizo.
-He should not have done it, however he did it.
No me debes nada.
-You don’t owe me anything.
Decir (2) –Give present, preterite, imperfect, subjunctive, and participle
To say, to tell
Present • Digo *When I speak, I dig [digo] myself into a hole* • Dice • Dices • Decimos • Dicen
Past
• Preterite – Dije, dijo, dijiste (tú)
○ More common than imperfect → Saying something is considered an event.
• Imperfect – Decía, decías
• Participle – Dicho
○ Very common
• Subjunctive –Diga, Digas
*Cir is a seer who is concerned with what people say. She likes to read into everything that people say.
¿Cómo se dice?
-How does one say?
¿Qué decías ?
What were you saying?
-Me han dicho que / He escuchado que
I heard that
Juan dijo que estaría esperándonos.
-Juan said he would be waiting for us.
Y vosotros, ¿qué decís ?
-And you all, what do you say?
A vosotros no os dicen nada.
-They say nothing to you guys.
no decir nada
-to not say a word
Él dijo que iría.
-He said he would go.
Hablar –Give present, preterite, imperfect, future, subjunctive, participle, and gerund
To speak
Present
• Hablo
• Habla (3rd person)
• Hablas
Preterite
• Hablé (yo)
• Habló (tú)
Imperfect
• Hablaba (1st and 3rd)
• Hablabas
Future • Hablaré • Hablará • Hablarás • Hablaremos
Subjunctive
• Hable (1st and 3rd)
• Hables
• Hablemos
Participle
• Hablado
Gerund
• Hablando
○ “We are speaking” → With emphasis that it is current and ongoing.
Oír (2) –Give present (2), preterite, imperfect, subjunctive, and participle
To hear/listen
Present • Oigo (OY-go) • Oye (3rd person) ○ Oye also means "Hey" → "Oye vato" = Hey dude • Oyes • Oímos (él/ella/usted) • Oyen
Preterite
• Oí (yo)
• Oíste (tú)
• Oyó (3rd person)
Imperfect
• Oía (1st and 3rd)
• Oías (tú)
Subjunctive
• Oiga
• Oigas
Participle
• Oído
Necesitar (2) –Give present, preterite, imperfect, subjunctive, and participle
To need, to require
Present • Necesito • Necesita • Necesitas • Necesitamos • Necesitan
Preterite • Necesité • Necesitó • Necesitamos • Necesitaron
Imperfect
• Necesitaba
• Necesitabas
• Necesitabamos
Subjunctive
• Necesitara
• Necesitaras
Participle
• Necesitado
Ultímo (3)
MiLF
Most recent, last, final
Room (and one other definition)
Cuarto; masc. (also ‘fourth’)
*Joel has a special room that he keeps all of his quarters [cuarto] in.
Corner
Esquina (f)
*In his bedroom, Joel has a very sharp corner near his bed that he always skins [esquina] his knee on.
Tierra (3)
Dirt, earth, land
Uncle, aunt
Tío (uncle; m.), Tía (aunt; f.)
*Joel doesn’t like his uncle because he always tries to steal his tea.
Light
Luz (f)
*Joel is too lazy to fix the lights in his house, therefore, they are always loose [luz].
To see –present (w/ subjunctive), past (preterite, imperfect, participle), and future
Ver (infinitive)
Present • Veo • Ve • Ves • Vemos • Ven • Subjunctive – Vea, veas
Past
• Preterite –Vi, vio, viste, vimos, vieron
○ Joel looked through one of Ver’s telescopes and saw [vi] the V on his wall.
• Imperfect –Veía (1st and 3rd), veías, veíamos, veían
• Participle –Visto
Future - Veré, verá
To see it/him, to see you
Verlo, verte
To think –present (w/ gerund), past (preterite, imperfect, participle)
Pensar - To think (about a subject, or in general)
• Not “to think that something is the case” → That would be ‘creer’
Present • Pienso • Piensa • Piensas • Pensamos • Piensan • Gerund/present participle - Pensando
Past
• Preterite - Pensé, pensó
• Imperfect - Pensaba (1st and 3rd), pensabas
• Participle - Pensado
Pasar (2) –Present (w/ gerund), past (preterite, imperfect, participle)
Pasar (2) - To pass, to happen (come to pass)
Present • Paso • Pasa • Pasas • Pasamos • Pasan • Gerund/present participle - Pasando (happening)
Past
• Preterite –Pasé, pasó
• Imperfect –Pasaba, pasabas
• Participle –Pasado (passed)
Neither
Tampoco
*The pandas can’t ride on the ferris wheel because they have no knees. Yet somehow, a guy in the market accuses the one panda of poking him with his knees.
Cuanto
As much as
• Can be cuanta (when referring to feminine nouns) or cuantas, cuantos
Acá
Here
• Synonymous with aquí; it’s just a dialectical difference.
To where(?)
Adónde
¿Adónde va este tren?
-Where is this train headed
Exactamente
Exactly
Final
Final, adj.- Final, last, unalterable
• e.g. Final destination, final grades
Enough
Bastante
• Tends to mean “enough” in a negative sense → e.g. “We’ve had enough, we don’t want any more.”
Tienen bastante tiempo.
-They have enough time.
*The chief in Joel’s yard taunts him until Joel says, “Stop taunting [bastante] me, that is enough!
