Morphology

Question 1

affix

Answer 1

A bound (nonword) morpheme that changes the meaning or the function of a root or stem to which it is attached. i.e.: prefix “ad” and suffix “ing” in “adjoining.”

Question 2

affixation

Answer 2

Affixation is a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme, an affix, is attached to a morphological base.

Question 3

agglutinating language

Answer 3

form words through the combination of smaller morphemes to express compound ideas

Question 4

allomorph

Answer 4

Nondistinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar. For example, the English plural morpheme can appear as [s] as in cats, [z] as in dogs, or [‘z] as in churches

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

the phenomenon of a morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization

Question 6

ambiguity

Answer 6

a quality of language that makes speech or written text open to multiple interpretations

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

is a language that conveys relationships between words in sentences primarily by way of helper words (particles, prepositions, etc.) and word order

Question 8

bound morpheme

Answer 8

Morphemes that must be connected to another and cannot stand alone

Question 9

bound root

Answer 9

a root which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme.

Question 10

closed lexical category

Answer 10

Closed classes include pronouns, conjunctions, determiners, and determiners

Question 11

compounding

Answer 11

Combining words to make new word; meaning=not always predictable; ex. greenhouse, redneck; chalkboard; slipshod.

Question 12

conjunction

Answer 12

are typically function morphemes, since they either serve to tie elements together grammaticall

Question 13

content morpheme

Answer 13

(the stems of) nouns, verbs, adjectives are typically these.

Question 14

content word

Answer 14

words that have meaning.New content words are constantly added to the English language; old content words constantly leave the language as they become obsolete.

Question 15

derivation

Answer 15

the formation of a word by changing the form of the base or by adding affixes to it

Question 16

determiner

Answer 16

a nominal syntactic category distinct both from adjectives and nouns.

Question 17

form

Answer 17

The 4 parts of speech. (n,v,adj,adv) Because I prototypical members of each class share the ability to change their form by accepting derivational and/or inflectional morphemes.

Question 18

free morpheme

Answer 18

A freestanding root or base of any word that cannot be further divided and still have meaning. (Farmer, farm is the root word)

Question 19

function morpheme

Answer 19

is a morpheme which simply modifies the meaning of a word, rather than supplying the root meaning.

Question 20

function word

Answer 20

expressing syntactic relationships between units in a sentence, or obligatorily-marked categories such as number or tense.

Question 21

fusional language

Answer 21

a language that forms words by the fusion (rather than the agglutination) of morphemes, so that the constituent elements of a word are not kept distinct.

Question 22

hierarchical structure

Answer 22

The constituent morphemes of a word can be organized into a branching, sometimes called a tree structure.

Question 23

homophony

Answer 23

the linguistic phenomenon whereby words of different origins become identical in pronunciation.

Question 24

incorporation

Answer 24

a phenomenon by which a grammatical category, such as a verb, forms a compound with its direct object

Question 25

infix

Answer 25

is an affix inserted inside a word stem (an existing word or the core of a family of words)

Question 26

inflection

Question 27

input

Answer 27

input refers to the processible language the learners are exposed to while listening or reading

Question 28

lexical category

Answer 28

classes of words (e.g., noun, verb, preposition), which differ in how other words can be constructed out of them

Question 29

lexicon

Answer 29

the total stock of words and word elements that carry meaning.

Question 30

morpheme

Answer 30

Smallest unit of meaning in a word, also may supply information identifying grammatical relationships

Question 31

morphology

Answer 31

identification, analysis and description of the structure of words

Question 32

open lexical category

Answer 32

the new word and the original word belong to the same category

Question 33

output

Question 34

partial reduplication

Answer 34

involves consonant ablaut or vowel alternation (e.g. / i-æ/ as in rip rap and /i-o/ as in ping pong). There are three types of partial reduplications namely vowel alternations, onset alternations and rhyming words.

Question 35

polysynthetic language

Answer 35

languages in which words are composed of many morphemes (word parts that have independent meaning but may or may not be able to stand alone).

Question 36

prefix

Answer 36

affix appended BEFORE the root; can only be derivational in English (pre-date)

Question 37

preposition

Answer 37

word that shows how two words are related. Generally a preposition connects a noun or pronoun with another noun or pronoun.

Question 38

productive

Answer 38

the degree to which speakers of a language use a particular grammatical process, especially in word formation.

Question 39

pronoun

Answer 39

a word or a group of words that one may substitute for a noun or noun phrase.

Question 40

reduplicant

Answer 40

the repeated portion of a word

Question 41

reduplication

Answer 41

a morphological process in linguistics where the root word or a part of it is repeated, perhaps with a slight change, to form a new word

Question 42

root

Answer 42

either a base word, or a part of a word to which affixes are added.

Question 43

simultaneous affix

Answer 43

an affix that takes place at the same time as its base.

Question 44

stem

Answer 44

the root or roots of a word, together with any derivational affixes, to which inflectional affixes are added

Question 45

suffix

Answer 45

Morphemes added to the ends of words

Question 46

suppletion

Answer 46

Suppletion is the replacement of one stem with another, resulting in an allomorph of a morpheme which has no phonological similarity to the other allomorphs.