Morphology 2 Flashcards
Literature survey (16 cards)
Characteristics of the novel
Derivation
if a lexeme is created by adding affixes to lexical base
(can change word class; some bases; variable form-meaning relationships)
Inflection
when grammatical info is expressed by affixes
(never changes word class; attach to all potential bases; stable form-meaning relationship)
Instances where word formation occurs
- From scratch
- loan words
- new meaning to an existing word
Word formation processes
compounding
affixation
conversions
shortenings
suffixes
Based on the word class of the derivative they create:
Nominal, verbal, adjectival and adverbial
Ex. Fiction–al; lenght—wise;
Types of suffixes (depending on the meaning they create)
Agentive (commander), instrumental (mixer, cutter), diminutive (-ette), gender-marking (-esse)
Do prefixes change the word- class of the base
most do not, but some do (large–enlarge)
what is productivity
the ability of affixes to create new words
What is the blocking phenomenon?
the formation of a new word is impossible if there is already a word that denotes the same concept
What is compounding
combining words to form new ones
What is the head of a compound?
The element within the word that is grammatically and semantically more important. In English they are right-hand elements
What are modifiers in compounds
Left hand elements
Types of compounds
nominal (have nouns as their heads)
adjectival
verbal
Types of shortenings
Clippings
blends
abbreviations
back-formation
