Syntax 1 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Tests to verify a constituent or phrases
Pronominalisation
Movement
COORDINATION
Sentence-fragment
Types of clauses
Finite
Non-finite (includes infinitive, -ing participle, -ed participle)
Verbless clause
What is Syntax?
The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences
WHat is syntactic form
the grammatical type of a word or phrase- Word class+type of phrase
Noun phrase
verb phrase
What are syntactic functions
function of an elemtns in a grammatical context
Subject, predicate, complement
Types of sentences (based on clauses)
Simple (1 clause)
compound (coordinated clauses)
complex sentence (subordinated clauses)
What is grammatical info expressed by?
Word order
Inflection (bound inflectional morphemes)
Free grammatical morphemes
intonation
Which are the bound inflectional morphemes?
plural (-s)
possessive (‘s)
comparative/superlative (-er; -est)
tense, aspect (present, past, progressive)
What is the tense of a verb?
The time of the action
- present
-past
-future (expressed with auxiliaries)
What is the aspect of a verb?
The duration of the action
- simple
- progressive
- perfect
- perfect progressive
Which are the free grammatical morphemes?
Auxiliaries, modals
determiners
comparative/superlative
of/by in noun phrases
What is linguistic typology?
The study of the range of structural variance across human languages.
Types of languages based on their morphological structure
Isolating
Agglutinating
Inflectional/fusional
Polysynthetic/incorporating
Isolating languages
One word= one morpheme
Semantically transparent
(mandarin chinese)
agglutinating languages
words are made by adding affixes.
one affix=one meaning
inflectional languages
affixes fuse multiple meaning
Polysynthetic/incorporating languages
complex words often containing whole clauses
What type of language is English?
predominantly isolating, some inflectional features (fusing)
