Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

IHL Exam 1 > Morphology and function of lymphoid organs (ketchum) > Flashcards

Morphology and function of lymphoid organs (ketchum) Flashcards

1
Q

lymphoid system functions

A

monitor neutralize and destroy harmful agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thymic epithelial cell are what type of cells (functional or stromal)

A

functional and stromal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Reticular cells produce fibers with what type collagen

A

type III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functional cells of lympoid system

A

lymphocytes, macrophages, APCs and TECs thymic epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Does everyone have cancer

A

yes at some point but the immune system responds and kills cells before they can proliferate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 primary cells in immune response

A

B lymphocytes- specific ab producing

T lymphocytes- T helper, cytotoxic cells, and regulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of lymphocytes are with humoral immunity and cellular immunity

A

B- humoral

T- cellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

maturation of lymphocytes occur in

A

bone marrow and thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Once lymphocytes mature where do they go

A

peripheral tissues or spleen or lymph node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the direct effect when the primary immune response is stimulated

A

cell proliferates (immunoblasts) to make clones to bind and kill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

quiescent B cells

A

memory cells ready for secondary immune response or re exposure of Ag- rapid response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Instead of producing ab what to T cells do

A

produce antigen recognizing receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the actual name for a b lymphocyte producing ab

A

plasma cell. eccentric nucleus, clockface nucleus because of chromatin clumping.
perinuclear clear zone- golgi because exporting lots lots of protein.
very basophilic because ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how is our immune system so great if we only have 20 cells specific to each Ag

A

upon stimulation, cells proliferate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do we organize the lymphoid system

A

collections in organs or tissues. un encapsulated and encapsulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a Lymph nodule, is it encapsulated or not.

A

large collection of lymphocytes- un-encapsulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which are more active primary or secondary lymphocytes and what are their appearances

A

secondary are more active, have a pale center where lymphocytes are proliferating and differentiating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

diffuse un encapsulated collections of lymphocytes indicates what

A

activity, infection in that area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hyaline cartilage with cilia and globule cells is indicative of what

A

trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

name of lymphocyte collection in the intestine

A

peyers patches- dark staining in mucosa of gut.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

GALT

A

gut associated lymphoid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Malt

A

mucus associate lymphoid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Are tonsils encapsulated

A

not entirely, partially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Characteristics of palantine tonsil

A

large paired collections nodules
stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium
epithelial crypts to increase SA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
characteristics of pharyngeal tonsil
pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and globular because like respiratory tract single crypts ECM- collagen type III fibers
26
characteristics of lingual tonsils
no crypts. smaller more numerous nodules. huge salivary glands. very similar to palantine minue crypts
27
What is the name for encapsulate lymph
lymph nodes
28
Where to the afferent lymphatics enter node. where do efferents exit
thru capsule enter | exit via hilum
29
paraenchyma divided into ?
cortex and medulla
30
Cortex components
sinues, nodules diffuse lymphoid tissue connective tissue trabeculae
31
Medulla components
medullary cords, sinuses and trabeculae
32
What is the architecture of the cortex
irregular sinuses. "subcapsular sinus" then move into cortical or paratrabecular sinuses bathes all the lymphocytes and if lymphocyte recognizes anything in fluid, reaction
33
Where are B lymphocytes typically found in cortex? T lymphocytes?
B- nodular areas | T- non-nodular
34
Where to macrophages present Ag to lymphocytes
in germinal centers
35
Majority of cells in medullary cords
B cells and plasma
36
Trabeculae in medulla characterized by
anucelate, white appearance, high in collagen III and some I
37
Paracortex
not nodular. mostly T lymphocytes. inner to cortex layer.
38
When an Ag comes into lymph node what cells will they encounter first
B cells in node and then T cells in paracortex
39
blood vessels in lymph nodes used for?
trafficking. T cells enter and leave circulating in periphery but will return through specialized capillaries HEVs
40
HEVs
high endothelial venule- looser tight junctions to allow cells to diapedis in and out. to enter and exit blood.
41
What does the epithelial look like around HEVs
cuboidal, not like normal squamous
42
Functions of spleen
filters blood salvages Fe from old RBCs sire of generation of abs by plasma cells reservoir of RBCs site of erythropoiesis in fetus during 3rd/4th- 7th month
43
Structure of spleen
fibro-muscular capsule. does not have afferent lymphatic. only efferent arteries and veins (splenic vein formed by trabeculae veins)
44
Paraenchyma composition of spleen
no cortex or medulla but has red and white pulp red pulp-RBCs white pulp- WBCs
45
Structure of white pulp
vessels are surrounded by T lymphocytes. Periarterial lympoid sheath PALS
46
Structure of red pulp
blood vessels. filtration is happening. turnover of RBCs- hemocidrin- Fe being recovered by macrophages plasma cells to produce ab
47
Describe splenic circulation
Open: capillaries dump right into red pulp, these RBCs have to get back into sinusoids so this is where we recycle RBCs that lyse as they try to migrate through capillaries Closed: channel comes in and exits (artery arteriole capillary vein)
48
basic Artery spleen
splenic artery- trabecular arteries- penicillar arteries (pulp) branch into central arteries in white pulp that either go directly into sinus (closed) or into red pulp (open)
49
Is the thymus nodular
no, cortex and continuous medulla
50
What lymph cells are found in thymus
thymocytes to mature into T lymphocytes
51
What is the thymic stroma made of
thymic epithelial cells- they do not make fibers | more functional because secrete cytokines and present antigens
52
Vascular of thymus
enter cortico-medullary junction to where it branches into either cortex or medulla
53
What is the blood thymus barrier
sheathed by macrophages and thymic epithelial cells. They form nests for maturing thymocytes teach T lymphocytes what to recognize. self vs nonself
54
Each capillary of blood thymus barrier is surround by what
endothelial cell lining it, a macrophage associated with it and a thymic epithelial cell to extend a process to wrap around it
55
Does thymus have afferent/efferent lymphatics
only efferent
56
Hassall's corpuscles
no known function but how we characterize the medulla of thymus. the corpuscles produce TSLP Thymic lymphopoietin accumulate with time
57
TSLP
helps T cells mature. specifically T regulatory cell
58
Characterization of older thymus
adipocytes-clear areas dense lymphocyte populations a lot of stromal areas that have built up over time "a trophic" still functional but not growing
59
Thymus involution
decreased lymphocytes and function over time, weaker immune system with age
60
how do T lymphocytes make it to thymus for maturation
CD44 when leave bone marrow | interacts with cytokines CCL21 and CCL25 to stick to thymus
61
Maturation of T lymphocytes in thymus
1) CD4, CD8 CD25 negative, CD44+ Double neg (DN1) 2) develop CD25 so now called (DN2) 3) lose CD44 = (DN3) 4) lose CD 25 = (DN4) 5) develop CD4 and CD8 (DP) double+ 6) lose either CD4 or CD8 to become SP single+
62
Where in the thymus are DN4 lymphocytes found
cortex
63
Where in the thymus are DP lymphocytes found
cortico-medullary junction
64
Where in the thymus are the SP lymphocytes found
medulla to exit into circulation
65
What part of immune education occurs in the cortex of thymus
positive selection. immature T lymphocyte comes in contact with thymic epithelial cells. want to keep cells that recognize TEC, ability to communicate with self
66
What part of immune education occurs in medulla of thymus and at what stage are the lymphocytes?
DP lymphocytes. Negative selection, get rid of cells that recognize APCs(macrophages and dendritic cells) these APCs are presenting SELF antigens.
67
Describe B cell T-independence and T-cell dependence
T cell independence: B cells can be activated directly by bacterial toxins T cell dependence: majority, helper T cells stimulate B cell proliferation and activation by secreting IL 4, 5 and 13
68
Mode of HIV on T cells
infect and inactivate helper T cells- enter by binding CD4 at cell surface.

IHL Exam 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions