Most common Flashcards
1
Q
What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia in adults over 50?
A
Colorectal Polyps/Carcinoma
2
Q
What is the most common cause of UTIs overall?
A
E.Coli
3
Q
Which cause of UTIs mainly affects young women?
A
Staphylococcus saphrophyticus
4
Q
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide?
A
Iodine Deficiency
5
Q
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the UK?
A
Autoimmune
6
Q
What is the most common cause of bowel obstruction?
A
Diverticular Disease
7
Q
What is the most common location for bowel ischaemia?
A
Splenic Flexure
SMA -> IMA
8
Q
Which organ is most commonly transplanted?
A
Kidney
9
Q
What are the four most common causes of hospital acquired pneumonia?
A
Staph aureus
Klebsiella spp
Pseudomonas
Haemophilus
10
Q
What is the most common cause of typical pneumonia?
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
11
Q
What is the most common STI in europe?
A
Gonococcal Erethritis
12
Q
What is the most common STI in young adults in the UK?
A
Chlamydia trachomatis
13
Q
What is the 2nd most common cancer in women worldwide?
A
Cervical
14
Q
What is the most common form of cervical cancer?
A
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
15
Q
What is the most common form of hypernatraemia?
A
Hypovolaemic
16
Q
What is the most common cause of respiratory acidosis?
A
COPD
17
Q
What are the two most common vectors for Rabies?
A
Dogs
Bats
18
Q
What is the most common cause of AL Amyloidosis?
A
Multiple Myeloma
19
Q
What is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis worldwide?
A
IgA Nephropathy (Berger’s Disease)
20
Q
What is the most common cause of encephalitis?
A
HSV1
21
Q
What is the most common cause of fungal meningitis?
A
Cryptococcus neoformans
22
Q
What is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the UK?
A
Colorectal Carcinoma
23
Q
What is the most common form of colorectal carcinoma?
A
Adenocarcinoma
24
Q
What is the most common location for colorectal adenocarcinoma?
A
Rectum
25
What is the most common form of classical complement deficiency?
C2
26
What is the most commonly used form of immune adjuvant?
Aluminium Salts
27
What is the most common cause of dementia?
Alzheimer's
28
Which blood product is most commonly infected with bacteria?
Platelets
29
What is the most common cause of CKD?
Diabetes
30
What is the most common site of an intraparenchymal haemorrhage?
Basal Ganglia
31
What is the most common species causing malaria?
Plasmodium falciparum
32
What is the most common gene mutation causing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
Beta-MHC
33
Which is the most commonly affected valve in Endocarditis in an IVDU?
Tricuspid
34
Which is the most commonly infected valve in Endocarditis in a non-IVDU?
Mitral
35
What is the most common cause of IE overall?
Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)
36
What is the most common cause of IE in an IVDU?
Staphylococcus aureus
37
What is the most common cause of IE stemming from a dental abscess?
Streptococcus viridans
38
What are the most common causes of culture-negative IE?
HACEK organisms
39
What is the most common location for a carcinoid tumour?
Bowel
40
Which is the most common porphyria?
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
41
What is the most common cause of a non-anaemic macrocytosis?
Alcohol
42
What is the most common type of Ovarian Tumour?
Serous Cystadenoma
43
What is the most common oestrogen-secreting tumour?
Mucinous Cystadenoma
44
What is the most common malignancy in women?
Breast
45
Which Ovarian malignancy most commonly presents in young women?
Dysgerminoma
46
What is the most common benign ovarian tumour in young women?
Teratoma
47
Which valve is most commonly affected in Acute Rheumatic Fever?
Mitral
48
What is the most common Renal Malignancy?
Epithelial Renal Cell Carcinoma
49
What is the 2nd most common childhood malignancy?
Nephroblastoma
50
Where is Transitional Cell carcinoma most commonly found?
Bladder
51
What is the most common histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma?
Clear Cell
52
What are the most common causes of PID in the UK?
Chlamydia
| Gonorrhoea
53
What is the most common tumour of the female genital tract?
Leimyoma (Fibroid)
54
What are the three most common locations for kidney stone impaction?
Pelvi-Ureteric junction
Pelvic Brim
Vesico-Ureteric Junction
55
What is the most common histological subtype of Prostate Cancer in men over 50?
Adenocarcinoma
56
What is the most common subtype of testicular tumour?
Germ Cell Tumours
57
What is the most common type of male germinal tumour?
Seminoma
58
What is the most common precursor lesion of testicular tumours?
Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia
59
What is the most common cause of malignant SIADH?
Small Cell Lung Cancer
60
What is the most common paraprotein type seen in Multiple Myeloma?
IgG
61
What is the most common malignancy in Equatorial Africa?
Burkitt's Lymphoma
62
What is the 2nd most common form of porphyria?
Acute Intermittent Porphyria
63
What is the most common cause of lactational mastitis?
Staphylococcus aureus
64
What is the most common subtype of Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
Nodular Sclerosing
65
What is the most common cause of iatrogenic CJD?
Surgery
66
What is the most common prion disease?
Sporadic CJD
67
What is the most common cause of sudden death in the first 24 hours after an MI?
Ventricular Fibrillation
68
What is the most common cancer in women?
Breast
69
What is the most common subtype of breast cancer?
Invasive Ductal
70
What is the most common cause of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
Chronic Liver Disease
71
What is the most common cause of malignant liver lesions?
Metastases from GI/Breast/Bronchus
72
What is the most common cause of meningitis in 3m-2yo?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
73
What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in over 3s?
Neisseria Meningitides
74
What is the most common form of Amyloidosis?
AL
75
What is the most common cause of familial amyloidosis?
Familial Mediterranean Fever
76
What is the most common presentation of Amyloidois?
Nephrotic Syndrome
77
What is the most common cause of Cerebral Infarction?
Cerebral Artherosclerosis
78
Which vascular territory is most commonly affected in Cerebral Infarction?
Middle Cerebral Artery
79
What is the most common form of Peptic Ulcer?
Duodenal
80
What is the most common type of Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia?
Warm Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia
81
What is the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in children?
Minimal Change Disease
82
What is the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in Afro-Caribbean people?
Focal segmental Glomerulonephritis
83
What is the most common benign tumour of the bone?
Osteochondroma
84
What is the most common form of brain tumour?
Metastatic Lesions
85
What is the most common group of primary brain tumours?
Astrocytomas
86
What is the most common Neuroepithelial Tumour?
Astrocytoma
87
What is the most common Meningeal Tumour?
Meningioma
88
What are the 2 most common sites of origin of metastatic brain lesions?
Lung (Small Cell)
| Breast
89
What is the most common cause of oesophagitis?
GORD
90
What is the most common cause of a macrocytic anaemia in Western countries?
Pernicious Anaemia
91
What is the most common form of Renal Cell Carcinoma seen in dialysis-associated cystic disease?
Papillary Carcinoma
92
What is the most common site of disease in Sarcoidosis?
Lungs
93
What is the most common drug used in hyperthyroidism?
Carbimazole
94
What is the most common cause of Chronic Liver Disease in the West?
Non-Alcoholic fatty Liver Disease
95
What is the most common subtype of lung cancer?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
96
What is the most common subtype of lung cancer in women?
Adenocarcinoma
97
What is the most common subtype of lung cancer in non-smokers?
Adenocarcinoma
98
What is the most common cause of Febrile Convulsions?
Roseola Infantum
99
What is the most common cause of acute renal failure?
Pre-Renal
100
What is the most common renal cause of acute renal failure?
Acute Tubular Necrosis
101
What is the most common benign tumour of the liver?
Haemangioma
102
What is the most common form of Psoriasis?
Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
103
What is the most common cause of Acute Pyelonephritis?
Escherichia Coli
104
What is the most common Erythrocyte enzyme defect?
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
105
What is the most common benign tumour of the breast?
Fibroadenoma
106
What is the most common cause of Hypoparathyroidism?
Postsurgical
107
What is the most common subtype of Pancreatic Cancer?
Ductal Adenocarcinoma
108
What is the most common susceptibility gene mutation in Breast Cancer?
BRCA1/2
109
What is the most common cause of Aplastic Anaemia?
Idiopathic
110
What is the most common location of Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Middle 1/3
111
What is the most common gene mutation associated with Crohn's Disease?
NOD2
112
What is the most common inherited clotting disorder in the Western World?
Factor V Leiden
113
What is the most common endogenous cause of Cushing's Syndrome?
Pituitary Tumour (Cushing's Disease)
114
What is the most common subtype of Endometrial Carcinoma?
Endometroid
115
What is the most common type of Endometroid Endometrial Cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
116
What is the most commonly seen mutation in Myelofibrosis?
JAK2
117
What is the most commonly seen mutation in Essential Thrombocytopaenia?
JAK2
118
What is the most common mutation seen in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis?
AD mutation in APC gene
119
What is the most common cause of Viral Meningitis?
Enteroviruses
120
What is the most common mutation seen in Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease?
AD mutation in PKD1 gene
121
What is the most common form of Thyroid malignancy?
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
122
What is the most likely cause of Medullary Thyroid carcinoma?
Sporadic
123
What is the most common antibody implicated in Pernicious Anaemia?
Gastric Parietal Cells
124
What is the most common location for an Osteosarcoma?
Knee
125
How is CLL most commonly diagnosed?
Incidentally
126
What is the most common syndromic association of Hirchsprung Disease?
Down's
127
What is the most common cause of Primary Hyperparathyroidism?
Single Parathyroid Adenoma
128
What is the second most common cause of Primary Hyperparathyroidism?
Hyperplasia/Multiple Adenomas
129
What are the 2 most common causes of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism?
CKD
| Vitamin D Deficiency
130
What is the most common composition of renal stones?
Calcium Oxalate
131
What is the second most common composition of renal stones?
Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate
132
What is the most common location for an undescended testis?
Inguinal Canal
133
What is the most common cause of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency?
X-Linked SCID
134
What is the most common cause of subarachnoid haemorrhages?
Ruptured Berry Aneurysms
135
What is the most common cause of intraparenchymal haemorrhage?
Hypertension
136
What is the most common location to find an enchondroma?
Hands
137
What is the most common site of Diverticular Disease?
Left Colon
