Most Common... Flashcards
1
Q
Neuromuscular Disease of Childhood
A
Pseudohypertrophic/Duchennes Muscular Dystrophy
2
Q
Neurobehavioral disorder in children
A
ADHD
3
Q
Co-morbid condition of people with developmental delay
A
Seizures
4
Q
Type of Spina Bifida:
A
Occulta
5
Q
Type of Cerebral Palsy
A
Spastic (with contractures)
6
Q
Eating disorder in the US
A
Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS: Binge Eating)
7
Q
Inherited Coagulation Disorder:
A
Von Willebrand Disease
8
Q
Type of Hemophilia and deficiency associated:
A
A (Factor VIII deficiency) SIde note: Hemophilia B is factor 9 deficiency; hemophilia C is XI; Von willi is vW factor deficiency.
9
Q
Genetic disorder of blood and inheritance link
A
Sickle cell disease, autosomal recessive
10
Q
Cause of death by disease (age 1-14)
A
Cancer
11
Q
Cause of death by leukemia
A
A.L.L (chemo needed, can have gingival overgrowth)
12
Q
Developmental/odontogenic Cyst:
A
Dentigerous Cyst
13
Q
Primary tumor/clinically significant odontogentic tumor of the jaws
A
Unicystic Ameloblastoma
14
Q
Midface skeletal injury in children:
A
Nasal Fracture
15
Q
Facial skeletal injury in hospitalized pedo patients:
A
Mandibular Fracture
16
Q
Permanent tooth trauma:
A
Luxation (Mx [right] central incisors)
17
Q
Surgically treatable cause of newborn Cholestasis
A
Biliary Atresia
18
Q
Benign Salivary Gland Tumor:
A
Pleomorphic Adenoma
19
Q
Malignant Salivary Gland Tumor:
A
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
20
Q
Type of Osteogenesis Imperfecta:
A
Type I (associated with DI Type I)
21
Q
Mass of the Soft Palate:
A
Squamous Papilloma (HPV 6 & 11)
22
Q
Cause of Cancer Death age 1-5:
A
CNS and Brain tumors (especially in infants who have Ependymomas Primitive Neuruoectodermal Tumors (EPNET))
23
Q
Syndrome Associated with Cleft Lip AND Palate and its inheritance linkage
A
Van der Woude Syndrome (median lip pits)
Autosomal Dominant
24
Q
Chronic medical condition of childhood
A
Asthma
25
Syndrome associated with ONLY Cleft Palate:
Di George / VCFS (22q11.2)
26
Age Range for Childhood Leukemia or CNS Cancer:
1-4 years old
27
Cause of Hypothyroidism after age 8:
Acquired / Hashimoto’s
28
Cause of Acromegaly / Gigantism:
Benign Pituitary Adenoma
29
Syndrome with Cardiac Complications
William’s Syndrome (>70%)
30
“Tumor” of the Oral Cavity:
Traumatic/Irriatation Fibroma
31
Cause of Cancer Death ages <1 and >10 y/o
Leukemia
32
Oral Finding in Child with HIV
Candidiasis (Kaposi/malignt & linear gingival erythema/perio)
33
Most common fungal infection in children with HIV
Candida
34
Neural Tube Defects:
Spina Bifida / Anencephaly
35
Chronic Medical Condition of Childhood:
Asthma
36
Syndrome with an Eating Disorder
Prader Willi
37
Source of Sepsis in Cancer Patients:
the mouth
38
Common Site of Oral Lymphangioma:
tongue
39
Seizure type:
Tonic Clonic with convulsions
40
Syndrome with Taurodontism
Kleinfelter
41
Form of Hyperthyroid:
Graves Disease
42
Seizure without Convulsions:
Absence
43
Type of Diabetes in Children:
Type 2
44
Type of Ectodermal Dysplasia:
Hypohydrotic (X-Linked, Recessive)
45
Solid Organ Transplant in Children
Kidney and Liver (70%)
46
Thing associated with microglossia:
Cleft palate and congenitally missing lateral incisors
47
Cause for delayed eruption
Odontoma or dentigerous cyst
48
HPV strains causing cancer?
16 and 18
49
Cause of chronic periodontitis
P gingivalis
50
Cause of localized aggressive periodontitis?
Actinobacillus acetinomycetemcomitans
51
Cancer in pediatric patients 0-14 yr?
ALL, Brain and central nervous system, neuroblastoma
52
Cancer in adolescents (15-19)
Hodgkin lymphoma, thyroid carcinoma, brain and central nervous
53
Syndromes associated with periodontal disease?
Trisomy 21, Papillon levefere, chediak higashi
54
Trimester where women are more comfortable?
Second trimester
55
Medications to avoid in 1st and 3rd trimester?
Ibuprofen, naproxen (increased enterocolitis/hemorrhage)
56
Meds that cross placenta?
Codeine, Morphine
57
Cause of “ghost teeth”:
Regional odontodysplasia, caused by lack of apposition to dentin and enamel.
58
Bacteria that cause the most commonly seen green plaque?
Bacillus pyocaneus, aspergillus
59
Bacteria that cause orange plaque?
Flavobacterium, serratia marcescens
60
Cause of “rootless teeth”:
Dentin dysplasia type I
61
Thing to do after swallowing excess toothpaste? :
Administer calcium carbonate, milk, aluminum magnesium based antacids to slow down absorption.
62
Missing teeth:
3rds, then mand 2nd premolars, max lateral, max 2nd premolars
63
NPO status hours:
2 hrs: clear liquids (including fruit juices, soda, tea), 4hrs: breast milk, 6hrs (formula, light meal, milk), 8hrs fried fatty foods
64
Hemoglobin value:
10-20g/dL
65
Hematocrit percentage:
30-50%
66
RBC value
4-6million.mm
67
WBC value:
6000-10,000mm
68
Presentation or arnold chiari malformation:
Meninges through foramen magnum
69
Neutrophil absolute count and percentage:
3-5000 and 50-60%
70
Arch that has the most leeway space:
mandibular with 1.7-2.4 vs max 1mm space per quadrant
71
Test that will prolong when someone has hemophilia A,B,C, Von wilebrand:
PTT test.
72
INR value without anticoagulant therapy:
1
73
Platelet amount:
150,000-400,000 platelets per microliter
74
Reason why PT test would be prolonged:
liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, surgical trauma with blood loss
75
CHARGE syndrome:
coloboma, heart defects, atresia, retardation, growth defect, ear abnormalities
76
Percentage at which someone is obese:
above 95% side note: less than 5% underweight, 85-95% overweight
77
Things that pregnant woman may obtain orally:
perimylolysis (Erosion of lingual surfaces), and xerostomia
78
Splinting time for less than 60 min avulsed teeth:
2 weeks max,
79
SPlinting time for more than 60min avulsed:
(4-6 weeks)
80
Rules for a minor who is pregnant rules in regards to dental visits:
Some need consent from parent in some states prior to 18, other states allow to treat if deemed competent
81
immunoglobulin in saliva:
IgA (saliva)
82
Atopic (inflammation of skin) triad:
asthma, eczema, food allergy
83
Contraindications for nitrous:
MTFHR reductase mutation, 1st trimester pregnancy, bleomycin sulfate, ear infections, cobalamin b12 deficiency, Upper resp infections, cystic fibrosis, TB, sickle cell disease only absolute contraindication is lack of consent.
84
Reason why band and loop fail:
Cement, solder
85
C spine precaution
Down and arnold chiari malformation
86
Compressions for CPR with one person:
30:2; (with 2 ppl, 15:2)
87
Fatal trio:
Hypovolemia, hypoxia, hypercapnia (carbia)
88
Women's pregnancy 2nd trimester
13-28 weeks
89
Bronchus to aspirate?:
Right, it’s straight.
90
Thing to do if airway obstructs?
Reposition airway first!
91
Way to pass on hemophilia?
X linked recessive trait
92
Function of monetkulast
Leuktrotriene receptor antagonist, help decrease stuffiness etc.
93
AD disorder that results from deficiency in functional C1 esterase inhibitor?
Hereditary angioedema
94
Primary immunodeficiency:
primary b cell (generally have fewer oral complications than other immunodeficiencies)
95
Most common syndrome associated with primary t cell immunodeficiency:
di george syndrome. 3/4th pharygeal arch maldevelopment, CP, heart issues, , more infections since thymus is hyoplasic/agenic.
96
Missing tooth with patients who have cleft palate/lip:
Lateral incisor on affected side most common
97
Most common gene linked reason for craniosynostosis syndromes?
Autosomal dominant
98
Explanation for acronym OMENS:
Orbital distortion, mandibular hypoplasia, ear anomalies, nerve involvement, soft tissue deficiency (craniofacial microsomia)
99
Side upon which microsomia defects usually seen?:
Right side
100
Deletion syndrome:
Velocardiofacial syndrome (occurs in 1/3 of pierre robin seq patients; tetralogy of fallot commonly seen)
101
Benign tumor of infancy:
Hemangioma (may need excision with skin graft, otherwise watch) (likely to regress with age, more complicated in females; PHACE syndrome, large hemangioma on face)
102
Leading cause of death for kids less than 1 year and between 10-19 years:
Leukemia.
103
Leading cause of death for kids 1-5 years old:
Especially for infants with….Primitive neuroectodermal tumors and ependymomas (PNET)
104
Cancer diagnosed in first year of life
neuroblastoma embryonal tumor (sympathetic nervous system malignancy)
105
Type of pediatric bone cancer:
Osteosarcoma (malignant) (rare under 5yr old)
106
Malignant bone cancer that has a 7.5x occurrence in white children
ewing sarcoma
107
Soft tissue sarcoma of childhood
Rhabdomyosarcoma (from CT and mesechymal cells; two types embryonal and alveolar)
108
Neutrophil count that causes avoidance of elective dental care
if pt has <1,000/mm3 ANC during cancer. (regular count is neutrophil count 50-60%; 3,000-5,800mm/3)
109
Platelet count where you should consult Dr. prior to doing dental work when pt has cancer:
<75,000mm/3
| (regular platelet count 150-400,000mm/3)
110
Heart defect in children
Congenital heart disease
111
Cause of congestive heart failure:
congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, vascular malformations, severe anemia.
112
Bacteria that causes infective endocarditis?
Staph Aureus
113
IE out of subacute and acute that a pediatric pt may obtain?
Subacute (slower onset)
114
Reason why abx prophylaxis indicated:
Prosthetic heart valves, previous IE, congenital heart disease (unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease , defect repaired with device or material during first 6 months after procedure, repair with residual defects at site, cardiac transplant patients who get cardiac valvulopathy)
115
Reason indicated for abx SBE prior to dental procedures:
manipulation of gingival tissue, manipulation of periapical region of teeth, perforation of oral mucosa.
116
Way to stimulate formation of alternate form of Hb for a RBC so it doesn’t sickle?
Hydroxyurea
117
Reason why prothrombin time may be elevated:
Due to warfarin, liver disease, vitamin K deficiency
118
eason why partial thromboplastin time is elevated:
heparin, hemophilia vW disease, liver disease
119
Medication to manage prolonged bleeding:
DDAVP Demospressin to release more clotting factor
120
(One of most) Childhood infections:
Lice
121
Bacterial causes of orbital cellulitis:
Staph aureus or strep pneumonia
122
Complication after shingles VZV reactivation/chickpox is:
Postheraputic neuralgia,
123
Second most common sti in US:
Gonoccocal stomatitis (gonorrhoeae)
124
Deep throat infection in children and adolescents:
peritonsillar abscess.
125
Cause of death in renal disease is
cardiovascular complications (left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunction, vascular calcification) Followed by infection and malignancy.
126
Inherited cause of intellectual disability is:
Frágil x syndrome
127
Neurobehavioral disability in kids
ADHD
128
Site of origin of partial seizure:
frontal/temporal lobes.
129
Birth defects internationally:
Ancencephaly and spina bifida
130
Type of spinal form of neural tube defect:
spina bifida oculta
131
Severe form of spinal neural tube defect :
myelomeningocele (meninges protrude as a sac through cleft in vertebrae like Arnold chiari II malformation)
132
Motor disability in childhood
Cerebral palsy (more common in boy African A kids).
133
highest mortality risk of any mental illness
eating disorders
134
Psychiatric disorder of childhood:.
anxiety
135
Thing found with hemifacial hyperplasia:
right side affected most often, abdominal tumors also seen (wilms,hepatoblastoma, adrenal cortical carcinoma)
136
Systemic diseases associated with apthous ulcers:
bechets disease, celiac, crohn(apthous ulcer and calcifications of the lip)
137
Causes of herpangina and hand foot mouth disease?
Enterovirus (coxsackie)
138
Inheritance pattern of lesch nyhan
(x linked condition, self mutilating behavior, absence of hypoxanthine (guanine)
139
Form of epidermolysis bullosa?
EB simplex, Autosomal dominant
140
Disease(s) with polyps:
Peutz jeghers (benign polyps intestinally, generalized pigmentation orally), gardener syndrome (MALIGNANT intestinal polyps ( AD, osteomas, supernumerary teeth).
141
dosages for demerol, hydroxyzine, midazolam, diazepam , chloral hydrate
1-2mg/kg max 50mg, 0.5-1mg/kg; 0.3mg-1mg/kg max 15 then 20 above 8 yr; 0.25mg/kg-0.3 max10mg; 10-50mg/kg max 1g)
142
dosages for reversals
REVERSAL: Flumazenil 0.01mg/kg for IV, Triple the dose for IM (0.03mg/kg), *ONLY IV OR IM*
o Comes in 5mL bottle (.1mg/1mL)
o Max dose: IV: 0.2mg, IM: 0.6mg (=6mL: 3mL in each deltoid/vastus lateralis);
REVERSAL: Naloxone 0.1 mg/kg (IV, IM, SM: maxillary buccal vestibule)
o Comes in 1 mL (.4mg/1mL) vials
o Max dose: 2mg which would be 5 vials, 5mL
143
Cause of single tooth permanent anterior crossbite
over retained primary tooth
144
Requirements for regendo
traumatized tooth MUST be non vital, apex 1.1mm, patient age 7-16 good health
145
Vital pulp therapy options
protective liner, apexogenesis (indirect pulp cap, direct pulp cap, partial pulpotomy)
146
Non vital pulp therapy options
Pulpectomy (endo), apexification (root end closure with paste, or MTA), apical barrier techniques, revascularization
147
Timeline prior to immunosuppression at which a permanent tooth should have a RCT if symptomatic?
1 week
148
Swelling that extends to the orbit? Beneath the mandible?
Cavernous sinus thrombosis, airway compromise/ludwig angina.
149
Restoration not to survive well in primary teeth?
Class IV restoration.
150
Scale used to assess dental trauma?
Modified glasgow coma scale (lower numbers indicated more significant injury)
151
Most common 'sign' of posterior cranial fracture and anterior cranial bone fracture?
Posterior battles sign (mastoid hematoma), anterior racoon sign (orbital hematoma)
152
Reason for failure of further tooth development in dental trauma?
Damage to hertwigs root sheath.
153
Dental trauma followup period:
1mo, 2mo, 6mo, 12 mo. (common timeline for all trauma except luxation/extrustion where followup is 2wk, 2mo, 6mo, and annually for 5 years)
154
Crown fracture splint time and then followup
splint permanent for 4 months; follow up in primary 1wk, 2mo; permanent 4weeks.
155
Med to avoid a patient with duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Succinylcholine (can cause rhabdomyolysis; also MH is a big consideration if under GA)
156
Principal growth cartilage of the cranial base and only one remaining active during childhood growth?
Spheno occipital
157
Spacing in primary teeth:
Generalized spacing (baume type 1 in 66%)
158
Primary terminal molar plane
Flush
159
Reason for premature loss of primary canine:
ectopic eruption of permanent lateral.
160
Associations with bilateral posterior crossbite
dolicofacial skeletal vertical growth/openbite/mouthbreathing
161
Protocol for dolicofacial open bite:
extraction therapy (expansion arch development for brachyfacial/deepbite)
162
Most commonly affected ankylosed teeth
primary first molars (lower), then upper first primary molars
163
Supernumerary tooth location and gender:
mesiodens, maxilla, boys 2x as often as girls.
164
Full Class II, End on Class II, Class III ANB angles
>6 degrees, <6, negative ANB
165
Time to stop NNSH
5 years( physiologic rewards 4-6years; mechano therapy 6-10years)
166
Maxillary canine impaction affects:
Females 3x more than male (1%) of population
167
General guidelines for retention of records:
Kids 28 yrs from birth, adults 10 years.
168
Self reported intensity scale for kids older than 6
Visual Analogue Scale VAS
169
Self reported pain intensity scale for kids older than 3:
Wong baker scale.
170
Amide anesthetic with longest duration for pulpal and soft tissue anesthesia:
0.5% bupivicaine 1:200,000 epinephrine 340min!
171
Preservative in lidocaine
Bisulfate
172
Reaction to lidocaine overdose:
Initial excitatory reaction (inhibatory neurons depressed), then depressive reaction where you seizure, lose consciousness, heart collapse.
173
Opioids catalyze by cytochrome p450 cyp3a4, cyp2d6
codeine hydrocodone, oxycodone.
174
Ultra rapid metabolizers of codeine have a polymorphism in
liver cytochrome enzyme CYP2D6
175
IV rate calculation
4:2:1 rule (1st 10kg x4, 2nd 10kgx 2ml, rest of the kg x 1ml (so 25kg = 65ml/hr flow)
176
Recovery score chart for anesthesia
modified aldrete post anesthesia recovery score (2,1,0; 0 being the worst; need total greater than 9 for discharge)
177
meds use for nausea
phenegran (promethazine) max 25mg zofran (odansetron) max 4mg
178
doses for epi pen and epipen jr
greater than 30kg epipen (0.3mg), epipen jr (less than 30kg) .15mg
179
albuterol brand meds
proventil, ventolin
180
what med is commonly used for myocardial infarction?
aspirin (81mg per tab) for MI use 325mg immediately 4pills*
181
med commonly used for angina pectoris (chest pain)
nitroglycerin ,4mg sublingual tab or spray
182
complications when having SLE
renal complications
183
CLP findings in males? Females?
Males: Cleft Lip, Females: Cleft palate
184
Incidence of CLP in
American indiansm alaska natives, latinos, asians
185
Surgical management timeline for CLP
0-3months presurgical orthopedics used to narrow cleft (NAM), 3-6 mo Cheiloplasty, 10-18mo palatoplasty, 2-5 years possible lip or nose revision or second palate surgery, 6-11 years possible alveolar graft surgery, 12-18 lip revision or jaw septorhinoplasty surgeries, Adult final surgeries
186
embryonal tumors
dx before age 5; neuroblastoma (most common cancer dx in first year of life, wilms kidney tumor, retinoblastoma)
187
thing that reticuloendothelial system is responsible for
removing old or defective RBC (RES spleen liver bone marrow)
188
disorders of connective tissue matrix of blood vessels
marfan syndrome, ehler danlos, scurvy
189
meds used to prevent strokes and clots (due to abnormal clotting)
plavix (clopidrogel); coumadin warfarin (antagonized vitamin K), low molecular weight heparin levonox (binds to antithrombin and doesn't let thrombin turn fibrinogen to fibrin), new med factor Xa inhibitor
190
laryngeal lesion in children
recurrent respiratory papillomatosis; can cause airway obstruction
