MOST COMMONS Flashcards
1
Q
Ascites associated w/ cancer
A
Exudate
2
Q
Ascites associated with benign
A
Transudate
3
Q
This variant may cause a “false-positive”
A
Reidels lobe
4
Q
Liver measurement
A
13-15 cm
5
Q
MPV measurement
A
> 13 mm
6
Q
Most common diffuse liver disease
A
Hepatic Steatosis aka fatty liver
7
Q
Most common cause of cirrhosis
A
Alcoholism
8
Q
Most common cause of Portal Hypertension
A
Cirrhosis
9
Q
Most common gynecological malignancy under the age of 50
A
Cervical carcinoma
10
Q
Most common benign mass of the cervix
A
Nabothian cyst
11
Q
Most common location of fibroid/leiomyoma
A
Intramural
12
Q
Normal Max dimension of endo in a PMB
A
5mm
13
Q
Most common cause of endo thickening in the REPRODUCTIVE age group
A
Endo polyp
14
Q
Most common cause of post menopausal bleeding
A
Endometrial atrophy <4mm
15
Q
A common secondary effect of tamoxifen on the endo
A
Thickened endo with cystic changes
16
Q
Most common gynecological malignancy
A
Endometrial adenocarcinoma
17
Q
An increase in Estrogen can lead to
A
Endometrial carcinoma
18
Q
Most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract
A
Duplicated collecting systems
19
Q
Most common cause of Acute Renal Failure
A
Acute tubular necrosis
20
Q
Most common cause of Chronic Renal Failure
A
Diabetes Mellitus
21
Q
Acquired Renal Cystic Disease is caused by
A
Chronic hemodialysis (treatment for CRF)
22
Q
Most common renal mass
A
Renal cyst
23
Q
Most common benign renal tumor
A
Angiomyolipoma
24
Q
Most common benign renal tumor in pediatric
A
Mesonephric blastoma AKA HARMATOMA
25
2nd most common benign renal mass
Oncocytoma (similar to RCC)
26
Most common cause of Acute pyelonephritis
Ascending UTI from bladder
27
Most common cause of Glomerulonephritis
Strep throat infections
28
Most common cause of Fungal UTI
Candida albicans
29
Most common cause of Parasitic UTI
Schistosomiasis
30
Most common renal cancer / common SOLID renal mass
Renal cell carcinoma/ Hypernephroma
31
Most common cancer of bladder
Transitional Cell Carcinoma / TCC
32
Most common solid malignant abdominal mass in peds
Nephroblastoma aka WILMS tumor
33
Most common cause of Renal artery stenosis
Atherosclerosis
34
Most common vascular complication of renal transplant
Renal artery stenosis
35
Most common location in adult urinary obstruction
UVJ (stone stuck)
36
Most common location for obstructive stone
UVJ
37
Cystitis
Bladder wall thickening >4mm
38
Addison disease
Primary adrenocortical insufficiency aka chronic primary hypoadrenalism
Bronzing of skin, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia
39
Most common benign solid mass of afrenal
Adenoma
40
Most common extracranial malignancy in pediatrics
Neuroblastoma
41
Most common AAA
Fusiform ( infrarenal ) cause : atherosclerosis
42
Most common cause of acute abdominal pain resulting in surgery
Acute appendicitis (rebound pain at McBurney point, fever, nausea/vomiting, leukocytosis)
43
Most common intestinal obstruction in pediatrics <2yo
Intussusception (abdominal pain, red currant jelly stool, vomiting with bile (bilious), )
Non-comp target sign w rings (cinnamon bun sign)
44
Most common inflammatory disease of small bowel
Crohns disease
45
Pleural effusion
Superior to the diaphragm ( around lungs )
Results in Thoracentesis
46
Most common location for a retroperitoneal hematoma
Psoas muscle
47
Gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the
common hepatic artery
48
Most common pancreatic variant
Divisum
49
Most common cause of Acute pancreatitis
Choledocholithiasis (gallstone)
50
Most common vascular complication of actue pancreatitis
Splenic vein thrombosis , splenic artery pseudoaneurysm
51
Most common found in cases of Chronic Pancreatitis
Alcohol abuse
52
Most common primary pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
53
Most common location for pancreatic adencarcinoma
Head of pancreas
54
Most common location of Pancreatic Cystadenomas & Cystadenocarcinoma
Body & Tail
55
Most common Islet Cell Tumor (endocrine tumors)
Insulinoma (symptoms hypoglycemia)
56
Most common pancreatic transplant
Exocrine enteric drainage
57
Most dependent part of the GB:
Fundus
58
Most common location of gallstones
Fundus
59
Most common variant in the gb
Phrygian cap
60
Common site for gallstones to become lodged
Neck and fundus
61
Most common cause of biliary obstruction, obstructive jaundice, & most likely in CBD near ampulla
Choledocholithiasis
62
Which ducts dilate first w/ choledocholithiasis
Extrahepatics
63
Most common benign liver tumor
Cavernous hemangioma (hyperechoic)
64
Second most common liver tumor
FNH (focal nodular hyperplasia)
65
Most common primary form of liver cancer
Hepatocellular Carcinoma / Hepatoma
66
Most common form of mets liver disease
Lung carcinoma
67
Most common form of biliary tract cancer
Gallbladder carcinoma
68
Most common splenic abnormality
Splenomegaly
69
Most common cause of splenomegaly
Portal hypertension
70
Most common malignancy of the spleen
Lymphoma
71
Most common cause of medullary nephrocalcinosis
Sponge kidney
72
Most commonly associated with hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
73
Most common form of thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
74
Most common testicular malignancy
Seminoma
75
Most common location of prostatic cancer
Peripheral zone
76
Common location of the oncocytoma
Kidney
77
Most common location of the gastrinoma
Pancreas
78
Most common location of the pheochromocytoma
Adrenal gland
79
Most common location of adrenal rest tumor
Testicle
80
Most common vascular complication of a liver transplant
Hepatic artery thrombosis
81
Most common benign childhood liver tumor
Infantile hemangioendothelioma
82
Most common spleen varient
Accessory spleen
83
Most common benign tumor of the spleen
hemangioma
84
Most common primary cancer of the spleen
angiosarcoma
85
Most common lymphoma in spleen
Non-hodgkin lymphoma
86
Most common cause of splenomegaly in pediatrics is
Epstein-Barr virus
87
Most common cause of hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
88
Most common cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimotos
89
Most common cause of thyroid nodules AKA multinodular goiter
Nodular hyperplasia (adenomatous nodules)
90
Most common cause of enlargement of parathyroid
Parathyroid adenoma
91
Common test for dislocation of hip
Barlow
92
Most common location for benign masses and cancer in breast
Mammary layer
93
Milk containing cyst due to clogged lactiferous duct
Galactocele
94
Male breast enlargement
Gynecomastia
95
Most common cause acute scrotal pain in prepubescent boys
Appendix testis torsion (blue dot)
96
Most common cause of actue scrotal pain in adolescents
Testicular torsion
97
Most common cause of acute scrotal pain in adults
Epididymitis
98
Most common location of a Cryptorchidism
Inguinal canal
99
Most common scrotal mass, most often in epididymal head
Spermatocele
100
Most common cause of correctable male infertility
Varicocele
101
Most common neck cyst
thyroglossal duct
102
most common parotid gland mass
pleomorphic adenoma
103
most common location of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Transitional zone
104
most common cancer in men
prostrate cancer
105
most common location of prostate cancer is
peripheral zone
106
most common cause of obstruction of the PV (porta vein compression)
tumors and lymphadenopathy
107
most common sono. identifiable collateral in PH
recandlization of the paraumbilical vein (patent paraumbilical)
108
a common minimally invasive treatment for portal hypertension (PH)
TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ( right portal vein proximal to right hepatic vein distal)
109
most common cause of hepatic fibrosis
schistosomiasis
110
most common location of a cavernous hemangioma
right lobe of liver
111
benign liver tumor associated with oral contraceptives
hepatocellular adenoma, liver cell adenoma, hepatic adenoma
112
what liver tumor can undergo malignant degeneration
hepatic adenoma
113
most common forms of hepatitis
A and B
114
most common cause of liver transplant
hepatitis C
115
most common benign liver childhood tumor
hemangioendothelioma
116
most common malignant tumor of childhood
hepatoblastoma
117
most common location of fertilization and ectopics
ampulla
118
most common congenital uterine anomaly
septate UT
119
most common congenital seen with DES (diethystilbestrol)
T-shaped UT
120
most common cause of congenital malformation of vagina
imperforate hymen
121
most common benign gyne tumor
fibroid leiomyoma
122
most common fibroid location
intramural
123
most common female malignancy under the age of 50
cervical carcinoma
124
most likely diagnose in post menopausal patient with thickened endo
endometrial hyperplasia
125
most common gynecology malignancy
endometrial adenocarcinoma
126
most common reason for abdominal bleeding/thick endo on reproductive age patient
endometrial polyps
127
most common cause of post menopausal bleeding (PMB)
endometrial atrophy <4mm
128
most common uterus position
anteversion
129
most common cause of infertility
polycystic ovarian disease PCOS
130
most common location of endometrioma/chocolate cyst
ovaries
131
most common adnexal mass
follicular cysts >3cm
132
most common adnexal mass in pregnancy
corpus luteum cyst
133
most common benign ovarian tumor
cystic teratoma/dermoid (most common complication is ovarian torsion)
134
most common benign solid tumor (ovaries)
fibroma (associated with MEIGS)
135
most common estrogenic tumor
granulosa cell tumor
136
most common ovarian malignancy
serious cytadenocarcinoma
137
most common malignant germ cell tumor
dysgerminoma
138
most common side of ovarian torsion
right ovary
139
most common cause of PID
STD’s (chlamydia and gonorrhea)
140
most common initial clinic presentation for PID
vaginitis
141
most common cardiac defect in fetus
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
142
most common fetal cardiac tumor
rhabdomyoma
143
an echogenic intracardiac focus can be a soft marker for
T21 down syndrome
144
most common cause of chest mass causing pulmonary hyperplasia
diaphragmatic hernia
145
most common chest mass (fetus)
diaphragmatic hernia
146
most common cause for cardiac malpositioning
diaphragmatic hernia ( on left side )
147
most common diaphragmatic hernia
left side called Bochdaleck hernia
148
Bochdaleck hernia contains
stomach, bowel, and left lobe liver
149
Right sided hernia is also called
foramen of Morgagni
150
what is the most accurate for gestational age in 2nd trimester
Head circumference
151
most common brain abnormality (fetus)
ventriculomegaly (lat vent >10mm, dangling cord sign)
/ hydrocephalus
152
most common cause of hydrocephalus
Aquedectal stenosis ( lateral & third vent dilated. Normal 4th vent )
153
strong association for T13/patau
holoprosencephaly / facial defects
154
3rd ventricle connects to 4th ventricle via
Aqueduct of sylvius
155
choroid plexus cyst is a soft marker for
trisomy 18 / edwards
156
most common intracranial tumor (fetus)
teratoma
157
GI abnormalities most often result in (fetus)
polyhyrdamnios
158
esophageal atresia is associated with
T18 edwards / VACTERL
159
duodenal atresia is associated with
T21 down syndrome “double bobble”
160
most common type of colonic atresia that leads to bowel obstruction
anorectal atresia
161
most common abdominal cancer in pediatrics
Nephroblastoma aka WILMS
162
most common abdominal anomaly of the liver in fetus
hepatomegaly associated with beckweidth syndrome
163
most common renal anomaly
duplicate/double collecting system
164
mot common fetal abnormality
hydronephrosis
165
most common cause of hydronephrosis
UPJ (uretopelvic junction)
166
most common cause of ambiguous genitalia
female with clitoromegaly
167
most common neural tube defect
anencephaly and spinabifida
168
most common spinabifida
spina bifida aperta (open)
169
spina bifida aperta has a strong association to
Arnold Chiari II Malformation
170
most common spina bifida aperta
myelomeningocue
171
most common location for cephalocele
occipital
172
cephalocele / encephalocele is associated with
Meckel-Gruber
173
Anopthalmia (no eyes), Cyclopia (fused eyes), hypotelorism (closed space eyes) are all related to
T13 Patau Syndrome
174
Proboscis
(false nose/projection replacing or above nose)
T13 / patau
175
cystic hygroma
turner’s syndrome
176
most common non-lethal dysplasia
heterozygous achondroplasia
177
most common lethal dysplasia
thanatophoric dysplasia
178
most common form of twinning
dizygotic
179
most common division
4-8 days (mono/diamniotic)
180
most severe type of TTTS
stuck twin
181
most common conjoined twins is at the:
thoracopagus (chest)
182
most likely cause of painless vaginal bleeding in the 2/3 trimester
placenta previa
183
most common placental tumor
chorioangioma
184
most common location of chorioangiama
near cord insertion at placenta
185
Most severe type of holoprosencephaly
Alobar holoprosencephaly
186
Most common fetal abnormality noted during an obstetric sonogram
hydronephrosis
187
Most common cause of an abnormal maternal serum screening
Incorrect dating
188
Most common cause of an abnormal maternal serum screening
Incorrect dating
189
most common chromosomal abnormality
T21 / down syndrome
190
Most common neck cyst in children
thyroglossal cyst
