Most Commons Flashcards
(258 cards)
1
Q
Most potent stimuli of pulmonary vasoconstriction
A
hypoxia
2
Q
MC manifestation of R and L major fissures on CT
A
lucent band (LC dense)
3
Q
MC cause of posterior tracheal stripe thickening
A
esophageal CA
4
Q
MC process underlying the formation of an air bronchogram
A
consolidation
5
Q
MC mechanism causing atelectasis
A
bronchial obstruction
6
Q
MC end result of chronic bronchial obstruction
A
consolidation
7
Q
MC form of atelectasis
A
resorption
8
Q
MC cause of obstructive pneumonitis
A
retention of normal epithelial cells secretions (distal to the point of obstruction)
9
Q
MC area/location of round/helical atelectasis
A
posterior portion of the lower lobe
10
Q
MC SOL within a pulmonary lobe displacing a fissure
A
pulmonary CA
11
Q
MC cause of pleural transgression
A
Actinomycotic infection
12
Q
MC cause of cavity
A
tissue necrosis
13
Q
MC form cause of tubular shadows
A
bronchiectasis
14
Q
MC manifestation of pleural thickening
A
fibrosis or neoplasia
15
Q
MC associated abnormality in hypoplasia
A
decreased volume of the hemithorax
16
Q
MC cause of lung hypoplasia
A
SOL in the pleural cavity 2’ to congenital diaphragmatic hernia
17
Q
MC cause of hypoplasia involving the GUT
A
Potter’s syndrome
18
Q
MC type of CCAM
A
Type I or cystic form (Type II in Swischuck)
19
Q
MC lobe affected in congenital bronchial atresia
A
Left upper lobe
20
Q
MC cause of extrinsic airway compression producing neonatal lobar hyperinflation
A
anomalous vessel
21
Q
MC abnormal origin of the lobar bronchi
A
tracheal origin of the right upper lobe bronchus (tracheal or pre-eparterial bronchus)
22
Q
MC extralaryngeal communication of the normal tracheobronchial tree
A
TEF
23
Q
MC group of anomalous pulmonary drainage
A
supracardiac
24
Q
MC cause of general pulmonary oligemia due to diminished blood flow
A
congenital anomaly of the RV outflow tract (eg pulmonary stenosis, TOF, PTA IV and Ebstein’s anomaly)
25
MC life threatening infectious disease
pneumonia
26
MC route of infection in pneumonia
via the tracheobronchial tree
27
MC cause of abovementioned
aspiration/ inhalation of the microorganisms
28
MC cause of aspiration pneumonia
contaminated orophargyngeal/ gastric fluid
29
MC cause of pneumonia in adults
S pneumonia (2nd MC M pneumoniae)
30
MC cause of pneumonia in children
H influenza
31
MC pneumonia in patients with AIDS
Pneumocystic carinii
32
MC infectious agent in the lungs of patients with AIDS
CMV
33
MC AIDS related malignancy
Kaposi’s sarcoma (2nd MC NHL)
34
MC etiology of BPN
S aureus (previously S pyogenes)
35
MC form of S aureus pneumonia
acute purulent variety
36
MC clinical manifestation of B anthracis
localized cutaneous papule, ulcer or vesicle in site of initial infection
37
MC gram negative aerobic bacteria
Klebsiella pneumonia
38
MC location of Klebsiella pneumonia
posterior upper lobe or superior lower lobe
39
MC region of involvement in anaerobic bacterial pneumonia
posterior upper lobes and superior lower lobes
40
Most important factor to determine the degree of source of infectiousness
cavity formation
41
Mc form of extrapulmomary TB
GUT
42
MC cause of false positive diagnosis of malignancy in specimens obtained by TTNA
Tuberculosis
43
MC form of saprophytic aspergillosis
fungus ball or mycetoma
44
MC manifestation of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
hemorrhagic infarction
45
MC form (clinical) of sporotrichosis
lymphocutaneous
46
MC manifestation of Nocardiosis
airspace pneumonia
47
MC cause of clinically evident nonbacterial pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia
48
MC complication of M pneumonia
Steven Johnson’s syndrome
49
MC cause of cold agglutinin production of all respiratory diseases
M pneumoniae
50
MC form of measles virus pneumonia
secondary bacterial pneumonia
51
MC cause of pleurodynia (Boerhaeve’s disease)
Coxsackievirus B
52
MC cause of “acute respiratory disease”
adenovirus
53
MC type of HSV in burn and immunocompromised patients
HSV I
54
MC type of HSV in neonates (during 2 weeks of life)
HSV II
55
MC involved organs in SLE
lungs and pleura
56
MC manifestation of SLE
pleural effusion (bilateral and small)
57
MC extrapulmoary manifestation of SLE
arthritis and arthralgia (95%)
58
MC thoracic manifestation of rheumatoid disease
pleural effusion
59
MC associated connective tissue disorder with Sjogren’s syndrome
rheumatoid disease
60
MC vessels in PAN
MC vessels in PAN
61
MC vessels in Takayasus
aorta and its branches
62
MC vessels in temporal arteritis
large vessel of head and neck
63
MC complication of bone marrow transplantation
infection 2’ to CMV
64
Most fatal malignancy in men
CA of the pulmonary airway and alveolar epithelium
65
Most important agents in the etiology of lung CA
smoking and asbestosis
66
MC etiology of pulmonary fibrosis in CA
progressive systemic sclerosis
67
MC epithelial pulmonary CA
Adeno CA (35-40%)
68
Most important roentgenographic feature that distinguishes benign from malignant nodules
calcification
69
MC pleural manifestation in pulmonary CA
pleural effusion
70
MC symptom referable to the respiratory tract
cough
71
MC cardiac involvement in CA
pericardial
72
MC polypeptide hormone produced by pulmonary neoplasms
calcitonin
73
Most important factor in the prognosis of patients with pulmonary Ca
stage of the disease on the time of presentation
74
MC roentgenographic picture in carcinoid tumor
bronchial obstruction
75
MC subtype of tracheo-bronchial gland tumor
adenoid cystic carcinoma
76
MC manifestation of 1’ NHL
reticulonodular simulating lymphangitic carcinomatosis
77
MC intrathoracic manifestation of 2’ NHL
mediastinal hilar LADP
78
MC roentgenographic sign of leukemia in the thorax
mediastinal/hilar LADP (2nd MC pleural effusion)
79
MC ST sarcoma of the lung
leiomyosarcoma (2nd MC fibrosarcoma)
80
MC neurogenic tumor in the lungs
NF (2nd MC schwannoma)
81
MC in situ arterial thrombosis (cause)
infection
82
MC site of chemodectoma (paraganglioma)
ascending or transverse aortic arch
83
MC clinically significant emboli to the lungs
bland thrombi
84
MC underlying condition that predisposes to infarction
CHF
85
MC source of fat emboli
MC source of fat emboli
86
MC antecedent of embolism
trauma (2nd MC external cardiac massage after accidental fractures)
87
MC site of air entry in systemic air embolism
pulmonary veins
88
MC cause of systemic air embolism
penetrating thoracic trauma
89
MC cause of multiple pulmonary thromboemboli occurring over a period of months
precapillary pulmonary HTN
90
MC cause of postcapillary pulmonary HTN
diseases of the left side of the heart causing failure
91
MC cause of pulmonary aneurysm
congenital cardiovascular disease, infection and trauma
92
MC location of pulmonary artery aneurysm
pulmonary trunk and its branches
93
Most important cause of cardiogenic edema
LV decompensation
94
MC neurogenic edema associated with pulmonary edema
head trauma
95
MC post ictal pulmonary edema
seizures 2’ to epilepsy and expanding SOL, IC
96
MC cause of acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis
Beta streptococci
97
MC cause of acute epiglottitis
H influenza
98
MC cause of bilateral vocal cord paralysis
injury to the superior laryngeal nerve 2’ to thyroidectomy
99
MC tracheal neoplasm
SCCA
100
MC substance causing airway effect in a dose dependent fashion in workers
cotton dust (byssinosis)
101
MC isocyanate causing asthma
toluene diisocyanate (TDI)
102
Most significant factor in the development of COPD
cigarette smoking
103
MC infection causing clinical excacerbations of COPD
rhinovirus and myxovirus (during epidemics)
104
MC form of emphysema
centrilobular emphysema
105
MC form of emphysema seen pathologically
irregular emphysema (irregular emphysema MC seen pathologically)
106
Most dependable sign of pulmonary overinflation
flattening of the HD
107
MC form of bulla, associated with pneumothorax
Type II
108
MC lethal genetically transmitted abnormality in the whites
cystic fibrosis
109
MC etiologic agent in lipid pneumonia
mineral oil
110
MC pulmonary complication of blunt chest trauma
pulmonary parenchymal contusion
111
MC findings in fracture of the trachea and bronchi
pneumothorax
112
MC site of aortic rupture
aortic isthmus (2nd MC is avulsion of the innominate artery)
113
MC cause of strangulated diaphragmatic hernia
trauma
114
MC pulmonary complication of surgery
atelectasis
115
MC mechanism of post op atelectasis
mucus plugging from retained secretions 2’ to decreased HD function
116
MC roentgenographic abnormality in the post op thorax
pleural effusion
117
MC cause of post op pneumothorax
lack of communication with the drainage tube
118
MC NGT abnormality
coiling of the NGT
119
MC complication of venous catheterization
thrombosis
120
MC consequence of venous perforation
unilateral pneumothorax
121
MC pulmonary complication in pulmonary arterial catheters
pulmonary artery occlusion
122
MC clinical situation associated with perforation
cardiac surgery
123
Most important factor in assessment of radiation injury of the lung
volume of irradiated lung
124
MC serious pulmonary complication of DM
infection
125
MC form of joint involvement in sarcoidosis
migratory arthralgia + erythema, LADP, fever
126
MC form and manifestation of rheumatoid disease in the thorax
pleural effusion
127
Mc cause of exudative pleural effusion
malignancy
128
MC cause of chylothorax
neoplasm (lymphoma) (2nd MC trauma)
129
MC lung abnormality with 1’ spontaneous pneumothorax
bulla
130
MC pleural ST neoplasm
lipoma (benign tumor)
131
MC 1’ mediastinal neoplasm
lymphoma (2nd MC thymoma)
132
MC mediastinal germ vell tumor
teratoma (2nd MC seminoma)
133
MC mesenchymal tumor of the mediastinum
lipoma (?)
134
MC mediastinal abnormality
LN enlargement
135
MC cause of SVC syndrome
malignancy
136
MC lymphoma in the mediastinum
HL
137
MC CA causing SVC syndrome
small cell CA
138
MC benign lesion causing SVC syndrome
chronic sclerosing mediastinitis
139
MC cause of azygos/ hemiazygos vein dilatation
cardiac decompensation
140
MC cause of superior intercostals vein dilatation
cardiac decompensation
141
MC acuse of unilateral diaphragmatic elevation
neoplastic invasion (2nd MC paralysis of unknown etiology)
142
Most reliable roentgenographic maneuver to confirm HD paralysis
sniff test
143
MC diaphragmatic herniation in the adults
hiatus hernia
144
MC form of diaphragmatic hernia in the pediatrics
Bochdalek hernia
145
MC 1’ neoplasm of the HD
fibrosarcoma
146
MC cause of inferior rib notching
coarctation of the aorta
147
MC cause of superior rib notching
chronic paralytic poliomyelitis (formerly); quadriplegia 2’ to cervical cord injury (at present)
148
MC acquired cause of pectus carinatum
ASD and VSD
149
MC cause of septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular and sternochondral joints
S aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
150
MC benign tumor of the chest wall
lipoma
151
MC malignant neoplasm of the chest wall
fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrohistiocytoma
152
MC lesions of the ribs
metastatic lesions
153
MC lesions of the sternum
chondrosarcoma
154
MC lesions of the clavicle
metastatic lesions
155
MC non neoplastic tumor of the thoracic skeleton
fibrous dysplasia
156
MC benign lesion of the thoracic skeleton
osteochondroma
157
MC malignant neoplasm of the thoracic skeleton
chondrosarcoma
158
MC rib anomaly
cervical ribs (rest are anterior bifurcations)
159
MC accessory fissure
inferior accessory fissure
160
MC site of anomalous supernumerary bronchus
R upper lobe
161
MC location of ectopic thyroid
neck
162
MC associated CHD with CPVS (scimitar syndrome)
ASD
163
MC location of mediastinal bronchogenic cysts
paratracheal and carinal
164
MC type opf CCAM
CCam Type I
165
MC lobes affected by infantile lobar emphysema
L upper lobe and r middle lobe
166
MC symptomatic vascular ring
double aortic arch (2nd MC right aortic arch w/ L subclavian artery)
167
MC cause of bronchiolitis
RSV respiratory syncitial virus
168
MC pathogen in the 1st 3 months
RSV and Chlamydia
169
MC postnatal acquired infections
bacterial/fungal (Beta strep)
170
MC prenatal infection
viral
171
MC cause of epiglottitis
H influenza type B
172
Mc subglottic mass in infants and young children
hemangioma
173
MC laryngeal tumor in childhood
recurrent laryngeal respiratory papillomatosis (juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis)
174
MC involved area of the abovementioned
glottis
175
MC radiographic manifestation of an acutely aspirated endobronchial FB
air trapping
176
MC tumor-like mass in 16 yo and below
plasma cell granuloma
177
MC pulmonary blastoma in children
sarcoma
178
MC initial radiographic manifestation of Askin tumors
pleural tumor or effusion
179
MC cause of broncholithiasis
histoplasmosis
180
Mc life threatening infections in AIDS
PCP
181
MC non TB mycobacterial infection in AIDS
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAC)
182
MC fungal pathogen in AIDS
Candida
183
MC fungal pathogens causing pulmonary disease in AIDS
Cryptococcus, histoplasmosis and coccidiomycosis
184
MC community acquired pneumonia in AIDS
Streptococcus pneumoniae and H influenza
185
MC neoplasm in AIDS
kaposis sarcoma
186
MC pathogen in lung transplant
CMV
187
MC fungal disease in bone marrow aplasia
IPA (invasive pulmonary aspergillosis)
188
MC cause of non acquired tracheal widening
Mounier Kuhn syndrome
189
MC indication for tracheal resection and reconstruction
post intubation injuries
190
MC tracheal filling defects
neoplasms
191
MC occurrence of TEF in adults
complication of intrathoracic malignant (60%)
192
MC location of congenital bronchial atresia
upper lobes
193
Most mild form of bronchiectasis
cylindrical
194
Most severe form of bronchiectasis
cystic
195
MC cause of bronchiectasis
histoplasmosis
196
MC form of emphysema
centrilobular
197
Most important factor in the development of pneumonitis
aspiration
198
MC cause of lipid pneumonia
mineral oil for constipation in adults
199
MC cause of lipid pneumonia in pedia
cod liver oil aspiration
200
MC cause of hemodynamic pulmonary edema
L heart failure
201
MC form of pulmonary edema (hemodynamic)
elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure
202
MC sources of pulmonary emboli
DVT in LE
203
MC lobe affected in pulmonary infarction
lower lobes
204
MC affected areas in aspiration pneumonia
R mid to lower lobes
205
MC pulmonary viral infection in the immunocompromised
CMV
206
MC site of abscess formation
posterior segment of the upper lobe (R>L) (2nd MC is superior segment of the lower lobe)
207
MC malignant lung tumor based on cell type
adeno CA
208
MC cell type in women and smokers
adeno CA
209
MC type of lung CA causing hypercalcemia as paraneoplastic syndrome
small cell CA (SCCA?)
210
MC cause of Pancoast syndrome
SCCA
211
MC cause of SVC syndrome
small cell CA
212
MC cause of Cushing’s syndrome and SIADH
small cell CA
213
MC single radiographic sign of bronchogenic CA
atelectasis
214
MC form of mets in bronchogenic CA
lymphangitic mets
215
MC CT finding in the lung
areas/masses of consolidation/nodules
216
MC benign lung tumor
hamartoma
217
MC finding in SLE (pulmonary/thoracic)
pleural effusion
218
MC thoracic finding in RA
pleuritis
219
MC pulmonary change
interstitial pneumonia
220
MC 2’ finding infection in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Nocardia
221
MC associated stricture in tracheal/bronchial injury
aorta
222
MC radiographic finding in tracheobronchial injury
SQ and mediastinal emphjysema
223
MC injured heart chamber
RV
224
MC cause of lung opacification on ICU CXR
atelectasis
225
MC location of a malpositioned CVP catheter (central venous catheter)
internal jugular vein
226
MC misplacement of NGT
incomplete insertion and tube coiling
227
MC reason for pneumonectomy in the US
non small cell ca
228
MC indication for bilateral lung transplantation
cystic fibrosis
229
MC performed thoracic surgical procedure in the US
coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
230
MC cause of acute mediastinitis
esophageal rupture and post op infection 2’ to median sternotomy
231
MC plain radiographic picture of mediastinal hemorrhage
mediastinal widening
232
MC germ cell tumor in the mediastinum
tertomas (2nd MC seminoma)
233
MC primary malignant germ cell tumor
seminoma
234
MC non seminomatous germ cell tumor
teratoma
235
MC anterior primary mediastinal tumor
thymic hyperplasia
236
MC primary neoplasm of the anterior mediastinum
thymoma
237
MC type of infrathoracic foregut cyst
bronchogenic cyst
238
MC location of pericardial cysts
anterior CP angle
239
MC neurogenic tumors
neurilemomma (schwanomma) (2nd MC neurofibroma)
240
MC mediastinal tumor <5 yo
neuroblastoma
241
MC cell type in esophageal CA (excluding the GE junction)
squamous cell CA
242
MC clinical manifestation of pleural disease
pleural effusion
243
MC causes of bronchopleural fistula
necrotizing pulmonary infections and surgical lung resections
244
MC cause of chylothorax
neoplasm (75% 2’ to lymphoma)
245
MC form of trauma causing chylothorax
cardiac surgery
246
MC benign pleural neoplasm
lipoma (2nd MC pleural fibrosarcoma)
247
MC form of pleural metastases
pleural effusion
248
MC acuse of pleural malignancy
bronchogenic CA
249
MC neoplasm to arise in the ST of the chest wall
breast CA
250
MC cause of rib destruction 2’ to chest wall masses arising within a rib
metastases or myeloma
251
MC cause of destructive rib masses in children
Ewings sarcoma and metastatic neuroblastoma
252
MC cause of Pancoast tumor
lung CA
253
MC disturbance of the diaphragm
singultus (hiccups)
254
MC benign tumor of the diaphragm
lipoma
255
MC malignant tumor of the diaphragm
fibrosarcoma
256
MC causes of anterior tracheal indentation
anomalies of the innominate artery and anomalous left common carotid artery
257
MC vena cava abnormalities
idiopathic dilatation of the SVC
258
MC L to R shunts in the adults
ASD (2nd MC PDA VSD)
