Most Used Drugs Flashcards
What is atropine extracted from?
Belladonna
What is the mechanism of action of atropine?
Antimuscarinic agent - acts centrally
What are the contraindications for using atropine?
Acute MI anticholinergic meds Asthma, COPD Bleeding Bladder obstruction Achalasia
What are atropine and scopolamine?
Tertiary amines that cross the blood brain barrier and the placenta
Are scopolamine and atropine safe in pregnancy?
Yes
What is scopolamine associated with?
Because it crosses the bbb better than atropine Amnesia Drowsiness Fatigue Non-rem sleep
What is central anticholinergic syndrome?
Agitation, confusion, hallucinations, delirium, somnolence - caused by muscarinic Ach receptors in CNS
What is the treatment of anticholinergic syndrome?
15-60 mg/kg of physostigmine
How does atropine lead to a sympathomimetic effect?
By block presumptive muscarinic receptors on adrenergic terminals
What is glycopyrrolate?
A synthetic quaternary amine so it does not cross the bbb.
What are the effects of glycopyrrolate compared to atropine?
It is more potent and longer acting at peripheral muscarinic receptors than atropine
How long does an antisialagogue dose of glycopyrrolate (0.004 mg/kg) last?
Up to 8 hours
What is ipratropium bromide?
A derivative of methyl atropine
What is the duration of action of ipratropium bromide?
3-6 hours
When is the peak effect of ipratropium?
30-60 minutes
