Mostly ID

Question 1

What are the main aerobic gram positive bacilli?

Answer 1

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Listeria monocytogenes
Bacillus anthracis

Question 2

Clubbing: respiratory causes.

Answer 2

Chronic cyanosis,
lung cancer (bronchial carcinoma and mesothelioma),
suppurative lung disease (e.g. cystic fibrosis, TB abscess),
fibrosing alveolitis.

Question 3

Clubbing: GI causes

Answer 3

Inflammatory bowel e.g. Crohn’s.
Cirrhosis
Malabsorption e.g. coeliac disease
GI lymphoma.

Question 4

Clubbing: cardiac causes.

Answer 4

Cyanotic congenital heart disease. 
Endocarditis
Atrial myxoma (a rare cardiac tumour).

Question 5

Clubbing: rare causes.

Answer 5

Familial

Thyroid acropachy

Question 6

Unilateral clubbing causes.

Answer 6

Axillary artery aneurysm

brachial arterio-venous malformation.

Question 7

What are the main gram positive anaerobic bacilli?

Answer 7

Clostridium species

Question 8

What are the main intracellular bacteria?

Answer 8

Chlamydia, Coxiella, Legionella pneumophilia

Question 9

What are the main gram -ive cocci?

Answer 9

Neisseria, Moraxella (pneumonia)

Question 10

What are the the main anaerobic bacteria?

Answer 10

Bacteroides, Helicobacter pylori.

Question 11

Which are the main dsDNA viruses?

Answer 11

Papovaviruses, adenoviruses, pox viruses, herpes viruses.

Question 12

Which are the main ssDNA viruses?

Answer 12

Parvovirus

Question 13

Which are the main dsRNA viruses?

Answer 13

Reoviruses inc. rotavirus

Question 14

What are the main positive ssRNA viruses?

Answer 14

Picornaviruses (rhinoviruses, enteroviruses inc coxsackie, hep A, echo, enterovirus EV71 and poliovirus)
Coronavirus
Togavirus

Question 15

What are the main negative ssRNA viruses?

Answer 15

Orthomyxo, paramyxo, arena, rhabdo and bunyavirus

Question 16

Common use for amoxicillin

Answer 16

Recurrent or severe pneumonia

Question 17

Common uses for ampicillin

Answer 17

Listeria. Also more active against gram -ive rods than amoxicillin.

Question 18

Common uses for benzylpenicillin

Answer 18

Meningitis

Question 19

Common uses for co-amoxiclav

Answer 19

Used for B-lactamase producers, but may contribute to C. diff infections.

Question 20

Common uses for flucloxicillin

Answer 20

Staphylococci (B-lactamase producing)

Question 21

Common uses for piperacillin

Answer 21

Very broad spectrum including anaerobes, Pseudomonas, staphs. Reserve for severe infections.

Question 22

Uses for cephalosporins.

Answer 22

Parenteral pre and post surgery.

UTI, pneumonia and otitis media but NOT FIRST LINE

Question 23

Uses of gentamicin and amikacin

Answer 23

For serious gram -ive infections. Amikacin has less resistance than gentamycin. Poor against streps and anaerobes, so combine with penicillin/metronidazole.

Question 24

Clarithromycin and azithromycin uses.

Answer 24

They are macrolides used for S. aureus, strep, mycoplasma, H pylori and chlamydia.

Question 25

When is ciprofloxacin used?

Answer 25

Adult cystic fibrosis, typhoid, salmonella, campylobacter, prostatitis and serious or resistant infections.

Question 26

Treatment for septicaemia from urinary tract sepsis

Answer 26

Co-amoxiclav and gentamycin

Question 27

Treatment for septicaemia from intra-abdominal sepsis

Answer 27

Ceftazidime (cefotaxime if meningococcal sepsis)

Question 28

Treatment for septicaemia from skin or bone source

Answer 28

Flucloxacillin

Question 29

Treatment for septicaemia from unknown cause

Answer 29

Co-amoxiclav, gentamicin and metronidazole.

Question 30

Treatment for septicaemia from unknown cause with neutropenia

Answer 30

Tazocin with gentamicin

Question 31

Treatment of mild community acquired pneumonia

Answer 31

Amoxicillin

Question 32

Treatment of possible atypical pneumonia

Answer 32

Amoxicillin + erythromycin

Question 33

Treatment of severe community acquired pneumonia

Answer 33

Co-amoxiclav and erythromycin

Question 34

Treatment of hospital acquired pneumonia

Answer 34

Ceftazidine or tazocin.

Question 35

Treatment of meningococcal meningitis

Answer 35

ceftriaxone or cefotaxime

Question 36

Treatment of Listeria meningitis

Answer 36

ceftriaxone or cefotaxime WITH ampicillin AND gentamicin

Question 37

Treatment of pneumococcal meningitis

Answer 37

ceftriaxone or cefotaxime

Question 38

Treatment of haemophilus meningitis

Answer 38

ceftriaxone or cefotaxime

Question 39

Treatment of osteomyelitis/septic arthritis

Answer 39

Flucloxacillin (also sepsis from bone cause)

Question 40

Treatment of simple UTI

Answer 40

Trimethoprim

Question 41

Treatment of cellulitis

Answer 41

Flucloxacillin (also sepsis from skin cause)

Question 42

Treatment of wound infection

Answer 42

Flucloxacillin (also sepsis from skin cause)

Question 43

Group 1 extracellular bacteria

Answer 43

Gram +ive cocci, Gram -ive cocci, Gram +ive bacilli.

Question 44

Group 2 extracellular bacteria

Answer 44

Gram -ive bacilli

Question 45

Group 3 extracellular bacteria

Answer 45

Non-sporing anaerobes

Question 46

First line treatment for group 1 extracellular bacteria; Gram +ive cocci, Gram -ive cocci, Gram +ive bacilli.

Answer 46

Benzylpenicillin

Question 47

First line treatment for group 1 extracellular bacteria (Gram +ive cocci, Gram -ive cocci, Gram +ive bacilli) if patient allergic to penicillins

Answer 47

Erythromycin.

Question 48

Treatment for MRSA and MSSA

Answer 48

Vancomycin

Question 49

Treatment for vancomycin resistant enterococci.

Answer 49

Linelozid and daptomycin

Question 50

Which Gram -ive bacilli is amoxycillin also effective against (as well as group 1)

Answer 50

H. influenzae.

Question 51

First line treatment of susceptible group 2 bacilli (Gram -ive)

Answer 51

Gentamycin, ciprofloxacin.

Question 52

First line treatment of resistant group 2 bacilli; Pseudomonas

Answer 52

Aztreonam

Question 53

First line treatment of resistant group 2 bacteria; ESBL

Answer 53

Fosfomycin

Question 54

First line treatment of group 3 bacteria: non-sporing anaerobes like bacterioides

Answer 54

Metronidazole.

Question 55

Broad spectrum antibiotic against both groups 1 and 2

Answer 55

Ceftazidine | Co-amoxiclav or augmentin.

Question 56

Very broad ranging antibiotics

Answer 56

Tazocin and meropenem.

Question 57

Group 5 bacteria (intracellular)

Answer 57

Chlamydia, mycoplasma, Rickettsia

Question 58

Treatment for group 5 bacteria

Answer 58

Tetracycline, erythromycin

Question 59

Group 4 bacteria (intracellular)

Answer 59

Mycobacteria

Question 60

Treatment for mycobacteria

Answer 60

Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol