Single sentence definitions

Question 1

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 1

A chronic autoimmune T-cell mediated inflammatory disorder of the CNS causing demyelination of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 2

Stomatitis

Answer 2

Inflammation of the mouth from any cause.

Question 3

Acute pancreatitis

Answer 3

Inflammation of the pancreas following acute trauma on the background of a normal pancreas.

Question 4

Pneumonia

Answer 4

A usually infective inflammatory process involving the alveoli.

Question 5

Consolidation

Answer 5

Pathological process with alveolar filling.

Question 6

Type 1 resp failure

Answer 6

Respiratory failure resulting in hypoxia.

Question 7

Type 2 resp failure

Answer 7

Respiratory failure resulting in hypoxia and hypercapnia.

Question 8

Claudication

Answer 8

a condition in which cramping pain or weakness in the leg is induced by exercise, typically caused by obstruction of the arteries

Question 9

Pleural effusion

Answer 9

A build up of fluid in the pleural space.

Question 10

Interstitial lung disease.

Answer 10

Diffuse lung diseases affecting alveolar structure causing alveolar filling and interstitial fibrosis, resulting in reduced elasticity and increased diffusion distance.

Question 11

Pneumoconiosis

Answer 11

Permanent alteration of lung structure due to inhalation of mineral dusts.

Question 12

Emphysema

Answer 12

Enlarged airspaces due to destruction of alveolar walls.

Question 13

The pulmonary lobule

Answer 13

The smallest unit of lung marginated by connective tissue septa. 1-2.5 cm diameter with 3-24 acini.

Question 14

Pulmonary vasculitis

Answer 14

Inflammation of the blood vessels of the pulmonary circulation.

Question 15

Churg-strauss syndrome

Answer 15

Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS), or allergic granulomatous angiitis, is a rare syndrome that affects small- to medium-sized arteries and veins.

Question 16

COPD

Answer 16

A disease characterised by poorly reversible airway obstruction due to chronic bronchitis and emyphysema, commonly caused by smoking.

Question 17

Bronchiectasis

Answer 17

Permanent dilatation of the bronchi, often resulting in impaired clearance of bronchial secretions with secondary bacterial infection.

Question 18

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 18

An autosomal recessive condition caused by mutations in CFTR gene resulting in a defective chloride channel in epithelial cell membranes and hence an increase in viscosity and tenacity of mucus on epithelial surfaces.

Question 19

Pneumonia

Answer 19

An inflammation of lung tissue usually caused by infection. It is defined both anatomically and by aetiology.

Question 20

Asthma

Answer 20

A common chronic inflammatory condition characterised by reversible airflow limitation, airway hypersensitivity and inflammation of the bronchi.

Question 21

Lung abscess

Answer 21

Localised suppuration of the lung associated with cavity formation.

Question 22

Sarcoidosis

Answer 22

A multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology.

Question 23

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis def

Answer 23

A disease of widespread diffuse inflammation in the alveoli and small airways of the lung in response to an inhaled antigen.

Question 24

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis def

Answer 24

Rare disorder of unknown aetiology characterised by sequential acute lung injury resulting in scarring, which generally presents in middle age.

Question 25

Wegener’s granulomatosis def

Answer 25

This is a vasculitis of unknown aetiology characterised by lesions involving the upper resp tract, the lungs and the kidneys.

Question 26

Coma

Answer 26

a state of unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be roused.

Question 27

Brain death

Answer 27

Irreversible loss of capacity for consciousness combined with irreversible loss of capacity to breathe.

Question 28

Stroke

Answer 28

A focal neurological deficit lasting longer than 24 h as a result of a vascular lesion.

Question 29

Seizure

Answer 29

Convulsion or transient abnormal event resulting from a paroxysmal discharge of cerebral neurones.

Question 30

Epilepsy

Answer 30

A continuing tendency to have seizures.

Question 31

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 31

A disease in which depletion of dopamine containing neurones in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia leads to an akinetic-rigid syndrome.

Question 32

Benign essential tremor

Answer 32

A usually familial tremor of the arms and head occurring in the arms and head of elderly people on activity

Question 33

Chorea

Answer 33

A continuours flow of jerky, quasi-purposive movements

Question 34

Huntington’s disease

Answer 34

A rare autosomal dominant condition with symptoms starting in middle age and including chorea and personality disease and leading to dementia and death.

Question 35

Osteoporosis

Answer 35

Osteoporosis is defined as a progressive, systemic skeletal disorder characterised by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.

Question 36

Spina bifida

Answer 36

A disorder in which the two sides of the vertebral arches fail to fuse during development leading to an open vertebral canal.

Question 37

Shingles

Answer 37

A reactivation of a varicella zoster viral infection causing a rash.

Question 38

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

Answer 38

Formation of thrombus in dural venous sinus