Mostly Renal A&P silde 1-32

Question 1

• cuboidal cells with very few microvilli
• function more in secretion than reabsorption
• confined to the cortex

Answer 1

distal convoluted tubule

Question 2

in the nephron capillary bed, the________are low pressure, porous capillaries adapted for absorption, arise from the efferent arterioles, cling to adjacent renal tubules in cortex, empty into venules

Answer 2

peritubular capillaries

Question 3

sit right on the organ, have little feet, extensions terminate in foot processes that cling to the basement membrane

Answer 3

branching epithelial podocytes

Question 4

“around 15% of the juxtamedullary nephrons”

• long vessels parallel to the long loop of Henle
• arise from the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephron
• function formation of concentrated urine

Answer 4

vasa recta

Question 5

the calyx empty into the ?

Answer 5

renal pelvis

Question 6

captian frida described this as,
“the lake where all the filtrate feeds into, collecting all the tubular fluid/the filtrate, ________to the proximal convoluted tubule, into the medulla then to the descending loop of Henley(very thick), up to the ascending loop of Henley(very thick), into the cortex, distal convoluted tubule, into collecting ducts

Answer 6

bowman’s capsule

Question 7

“the 3 layers for filtration in the glomerular capsule”

Answer 7

basement membrane

podocyte

fenestrated endothelium of the glomerulus

Question 8

it was in red. fill in question later

Answer 8

adrenal gland

Question 9

temporary storage reservoir for urine

Answer 9

urinary bladder

Question 10

the two main parts of the nephron

Answer 10

glomerulus
renal tubule

Question 11

urine flows from pelvis to the_____-

Answer 11

ureter

Question 12

-made up of intercalated cells that function to maintain acid-base balance of the body

Answer 12

collecting ducts

Question 13

the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule is composed of _______epithelial ______.

Answer 13

branching epithelial podocytes

Question 14

has little holes for plasma to filtered, but not protein and blood cells

“the filtrate should look just like the plasma”

Answer 14

fenestrated glomerular endothelium

Question 15

varies and function by segment, simple one cell thick, three cellular surfaces luminal, lateral, basal, transporters vary by surface, and has tight junctions

Answer 15

tubular epithelium

Question 16

the renal arteries deliver _____of cardiac output to the kidney each minute

Answer 16

1/4 (1200ml)

Question 17

what vertebrae level are the kidneys

Answer 17

T12-L3

Question 18

• collect urine from minor calyces
• empty urine into pelvis

Answer 18

major calyces

Question 19

• has long loop of Henle and glomerulus closer to the corticomedullary junction
• efferent arteriole supplies vasa recta

Answer 19

juxtamedullary nephron

Question 20

transport urine from kidneys to the bladder

Answer 20

ureters

Question 21

the efferent arterioles feed into the?

Answer 21

peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

Question 22

the high _____in the afferent arterioles protects the glomeruli from fluctuations in systemic blood pressure

Answer 22

resistance

Question 23

kidney blood flow-
what goes into the glomerulus capsule

Answer 23

afferent arteriole

Question 24

• cuboidal cells with dense microvilli and large mitochondria, “large body surface area because of microvilli”
• functions in reabsorption and secretion
• confined to cortex

Answer 24

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 25

divide the pyramids

Answer 25

renal column

Question 26

**which capillaries are encircling the cortical nephrons ?**

Answer 26

**peritubular capillaries**

Question 27

the cone shaped medullary (renal) pyramids separated by renal columns

Answer 27

renal medulla

Question 28

major excretory organs

Answer 28

kidneys

Question 29

glomerulus plus its glomerular capsule

Answer 29

renal corpuscle

Question 30

the granular superficial region/outer shell

Answer 30

renal cortex

Question 31

the structural and functional units that form urine?

Answer 31

nephrons

Question 32

the glomerulus capsule is very\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 32

friable and delicate

Question 33

- has short loop of Henle and glomerulus further from the corticomedullary junction - efferent arteriole supplies peritubular capillaries

Answer 33

cortical nephron

Question 34

**the very long and straight vessels that run into the medullary area and circulating the medullary nephron?**

Answer 34

**vasa recta**

Question 35

filtration slits allow filtrate to pass into the capsular space

Answer 35

fenestrated endothelium of the glomerulus

Question 36

transports urine out of the body

Answer 36

urethra

Question 37

the glomerulus capillaries feed into the ?

Answer 37

efferent arteriole

Question 38

the luminal cellular surface of the tubular epithelium does what

Answer 38

filtrate-its located in the lumen

Question 39

the vascular resistance of the afferent and efferent arterioles is ______ arterial and venous blood to \_\_\_\_\_in the kidneys

Answer 39

high decline

Question 40

the basal cellular surface of the tubular epithelium is located where

Answer 40

interstitium, right next to blood vessels/vasa recta or peritubular capillary

Question 41

begins as cup shaped glomerular (bowman's) capsule surrounding the glomerulus

Answer 41

renal tubule

Question 42

- long loops of Henle deeply invade the medulla - important in the production of concentrated urine

Answer 42

juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 43

the afferent arterioles of the glomerulus are\_\_\_\_\_\_ in diameter than efferent arterioles.

Answer 43

larger

Question 44

allows filtrate to pass from plasma into the glomerular capsule

Answer 44

fenestrated glomerular endothelium

Question 45

the part of the nephron capillary bed that is specialized for filtration, blood pressure is high because very small because a lot of important pressure regulation is going on

Answer 45

glomerulus

Question 46

- thick segment - cuboidal columnar cells

Answer 46

ascending loop of Henley

Question 47

the resistance in the efferent arterioles reinforces high \_\_\_\_\_\_pressure that creates back pressure to increase blood in the glomerulus to increase flow through basement membrane, podocyte, fenestrated endothelium of the glomerulus(increases filtration) and reduces hydrostatic pressure in the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 47

glomerular peritubular capillaries

Question 48

Nerve supply to the kidney is via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_fibers from the _____ \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 48

sympathetic renal plexus

Question 49

- thin segment - simple squamous epithelium - freely permeable to water

Answer 49

descending loop of Henley

Question 50

defined as a tuft of capillaries

Answer 50

glomerulus

Question 51

- receive filtrate from many nephrons - fuse together to deliver urine through papillae into minor calyces to ureter

Answer 51

collecting ducts

Question 52

**\_\_\_\_\_ _____ makes up \_\_\_% of nephrons, almost entirely in the \_\_\_\_\_**

Answer 52

**cortical nephrons** **85%** **cortex**

Question 53

the liver makes the\_\_\_\_kidney slightly lower

Answer 53

right

Question 54

glomerulus arterioles are \_\_\_\_\_\_resistance vessels

Answer 54

high

Question 55

the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is made of what type of cells

Answer 55

simple squamous epithelium