Motion Dynamics

Question 1

active range of motion

Answer 1

patient does the movement

* active ROM is less than passive ROM

Question 2

passive ROM

Answer 2

physician does the movement

* passive ROM is greater than active ROM

Question 3

physiologic barrier

Answer 3

limit of active motion

Question 4

elastic range

Answer 4

range between the physiologic and anatomic barrier (end of passive motion)

Question 5

anatomic barrier

Answer 5

limit imposed by anatomic structure

Question 6

restrictive barrier

Answer 6

functional limit that abnormally diminishes the normal physiologic range

Question 7

motion within sagital plane

Answer 7

flexion extension

Question 8

motion within coronal/frontal plane

Answer 8

sidebending

Question 9

motion within horizontal/transverse plane

Answer 9

rotation

Question 10

Type of joint dictates the type of motion. What osteopathic principle does this demonstrate?

Answer 10

3 structure and function are reciprocally interrelated

Question 11

3 types of joints

Answer 11

1) synovial
2) cartilaginous
3) fibrous

Question 12

what type of joint are skull articulations?

Answer 12

fibrous

Question 13

what type of joint are discs between vertebrae?

Answer 13

cartilaginous

Question 14

what type of joints are in the extremities (for the most part)?

Answer 14

synovial

Question 15

range of motion

Answer 15

• most often measured in degrees

- most joints have a primary motion in one plane with smaller motions in the two other planes

Question 16

motion direction examples

Answer 16

flexion, extension, sidebending, rotation

Question 17

Three descriptors of motion

Answer 17

1) direction
2) range
3) quality

Question 18

quality of motion descriptors

Answer 18

• smooth (normal)
• ratcheting (parkinson’s disease)
• restricted (contracture or somatic dysfunction)
• exhibiting resistance to the motion induced (cerebral palsy)

Question 19

Elastic end feel range of motion

Answer 19

like a rubber band

Question 20

abrupt end feel range of motion

Answer 20

osteoarthritis or hinge joint (outcropping of bone)

Question 21

hard end feel range of motion

Answer 21

somatic dysfunction

Question 22

empty end feel range of motion

Answer 22

stops due to guarding (patient doesn’t allow the motion d/t pain)

Question 23

crisp end feel range of motion

Answer 23

involuntary muscle guarding as in pinched nerve

Question 24

flexibility

Answer 24

range of motion in a joint of group of joints or the ability to move joints effectively through a complete range of motion

Question 25

static flexibility

Answer 25

- maximal ROM a joint can achieve with an externally applied force (like passive ROM)

Question 26

dynamic flexibility

Answer 26

- ROM an athlete can produce and speed at which he/she can produce it (like active ROM)

Question 27

stiffness

Answer 27

reduced ROM of a joint or group of joints

Question 28

functional unit of the spine

Answer 28

two vertebrae and their associated discs, neurovascular , and other soft tissues

Question 29

which region of the spine has the greatest amount of motion?

Answer 29

cervical

Question 30

coupled motion

Answer 30

Consistent association of a motion along or about an axis, with another motion about or along a second axis. The principle motion cannot be produced without the associated motion occurring as well. Example is spine.

Question 31

linkage

Answer 31

relation