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SD And Barries Flashcards

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1
Q

Four tenets of osteopathic medicine

A
  1. Mind body and spirit are a unit
  2. The body is capable of self-healing, regulation, and health maintenance
  3. Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
  4. Rational treatment is based upon understanding and implementing the 3 other tenets
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2
Q

Somatic dysfunction

A

Impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system including: Skeletal, arthrodial, myofascial structures [SAM] and their related vascular, lymphatic, and neural elements [VLN]
- treatable with OMM

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3
Q

Osteopathic manipulative treatment

A
  • therapeutic application of manually guided forces by a DO to improve physiological function and support homeostasis that has be altered by SD
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4
Q

Effects of somatic disfunction

A
  • disrupts the unity of body, mind,and spirit
  • impairs body’s capability for self-regulation, self-healing, and health maintenance
  • disrupts reciprocal interrelationship between structure and function
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5
Q

Osteopathic philosophy

A
  • symptoms
  • illness
  • clinical exam findings
  • pain
  • psychosocial cause of disease
    • additively the whole patient
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6
Q

Homeostasis

A

Level of well-being individual maintained by internal physiological harmony that is a result of a relatively stable state or equilibrium among the interdependent body functions

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7
Q

Acute somatic dysfunction

A
  • immediate or short-term impairment or altered function of related components of somatic system
  • Characterized by: vasodilation, edema, tenderness, pain, tissue contraction
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8
Q

Chronic somatic dysfunction

A
  • impairment or altered function of related components of the somatic system
  • characterized by: tenderness, itching, fibrosis, paresthesias, tissue contraction
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9
Q

TART

A
  • diagnosis criteria for somatic dysfunction
  • Tissue texture abnormality
  • Asymmetry of structure or motion
  • restriction of motion
  • tenderness
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10
Q

Tissue texture abnormality

A

Palpable change in tissues from skin to periarticular structures

Includes: bogginess, thickening, firmness, etc

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11
Q

Bogginess

A

A tissue texture abnormality characterized principally by a palpable sense of sponginess in the tissue, interpreted as resulting from congestion due to increased fluid content

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12
Q

Tissue texture abnormality signs

A

-vasodilation,edema, flaccidity, hypertonicity, contracture, fibrosis

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13
Q

Tissue texture abnormality Sx

A
  • itching
  • pain
  • tenderness
  • pareshesias
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14
Q

Tone

A

Normal feel of muscle in the relaxed state

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15
Q

Hypertonciity

A

At the extreme, spastic paralysis

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16
Q

Hypotonicity

A

Flaccid paralysis when no tone at all

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17
Q

Contraction

A

Normal tone of muscle when it shortens or is activated against resistance

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18
Q

Contracture

A

abnormal shortening of a muscle due to fibrosis. Chronically- muscle is no longer able to reach it’s full length

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19
Q

Asymmetry

A

Absence of symmetry of position or motion. Dissimilarity in corresponding parts or organs on opposite sides of the body that are normally alike. Determined by vision or Palpation.

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20
Q

Restriction of motion

A

Resistance or impediment to movement

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21
Q

Anatomic Barrier

A

The limit of motion imposed by Anatomic structure, the limit of passive motion

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22
Q

Physiologic Barrier

A

The limit of active motion

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23
Q

Elastic barrier

A

The range between the physiological and Anatomic barrier of motion in which passive stretching occurs before tissue disruption, AKA the area that warms up with stretching

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24
Q

tissue texture: spasm

A

abnormal contraction maintained beyond physiologic need. Most often sudden and involuntary muscular contraction that results in abnormal motion and is usually accompanied by pain and restriction of normal function

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25
tissue texture: ropiness
hard, firm, rope-like or cord-like muscle tone. usually indicates a chronic condition
26
acute vascular tissue texture change
inflamed vessel wall injury, endogenous peptide released
27
chronic vascular tissue texture change
sympathetic tone increases, vascular contriction
28
acute sympathetic tissue texture changes
local vasoconstriction, overpowered by local chemical release, net effect is vasodilation
29
chronic sympathetic tissue texture change
vasoconstruction, hypersympathetic tone, may be regional
30
acute musculature tissue texture change
local increase in tone, muscle contraction, spasm- mediated by increased spindle activity
31
chronic musculature tissue texture change
decreased muscle tone, flaccid, mushy, limited ROM d/t contracture
32
restrictive barrier (RB)
a functional limit that abnormally dimishes the normal physiological range
33
Active ROM
patient initiated ROM, examiner visually observes
34
Passive ROM
examiner initiated ROM with passive patient | - passive ROM > active ROM because muscles are not being used
35
barrier "end feel" characteristics
the palpatory experience or perceived quality of motion when a joint is moved to its limit- abarrier is approached Normal end feel - three examples: 1) bone to bone (elbow extension) 2) soft tissue approximation (knee flexion) 3) tissue stretch (ankle dorsiflexion)
36
early muscle spasm
- Examples of restricted ROM and abnormal end-feel - protective spasm after injury - aka: empty end feel or guarding
37
late muscle spams
- Examples of restricted ROM and abnormal end-feel | - chronic spasm with chronic tissue changes
38
hard capsular
- Examples of restricted ROM and abnormal end-feel | - frozen shoulder
39
soft capsular
- Examples of restricted ROM and abnormal end-feel | - synovitis (swelling of the knee after injury)
40
tenderness
- discomfort or pain elicited by an osteopath through palpation - state of unusual sensitivity to touch or pressure
41
pain
an unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli and generally received by specialized nerve endings
42
acute pain desciption
- sharp, severe, cutting
43
chronic pain desciptions
dull, ache, paresthesias
44
acute tissue texture abnormalities
red, swollen, boggy, increased tone
45
chronic tissue texture abnormalities
dry, cool, ropy, pale, decreased tone
46
Asymmetry: acute vs. chronic
acute: present chronic: present with compensation
47
restriction: acute vs chronic
acute: present, painful with motion chronic: present or maybe not, guarded or "empty"
48
tender points
small discrete hypersensitive areas within myofascial structures that result in localized pain
49
trigger points
small discrete hypersensitive areas witin myofascial structures-- palpation causes referred pain away from site
50
Five things osteopath must have knowledge in
1) anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology 2) palpatory skills for TART 3) diagnosis of somatic dysfunction 4) evaluation of causes 5) treatment- correct and removal of obstructions to health
51
somatic dysfunctions are named for:
- position of ease, "where they like to live"
52
Goal of OMT
remove somatic dysfunction and restore homeostasis
53
OMT indications
somatic dysfunction and/or visceral dysfunction
54
OMT adverse reactions
soreness similar to workout or massage soreness and other symptoms similar to an acute illness//exacerbation of current physical complaints
55
precautions/contraindications
cancer, frailty d/t severity of disease, youth, and/ or elderly
56
recommendations
- rest (1-4 days) | - hydration (1-2 liters/day for otherwise healthy individuals)
57
role of OMT in biomechanical model
myofascial and joint functional optimization
58
role of OMT in neurological model
remove neurologic imbalances; address nociception
59
role of OMT in respiratory/circulatory model
maximize function
60
role of OMT metabolic model
structure and function are reciprocally related
61
role of OMT in behavioral model
more of cause than effect; prescription for exercise teaches patients to treat themselves
62
direct techniques
method of action engage the restrictive barrier directly
63
indirect techniques
method of action involve positioning away from the restrictive barrier
64
Direct OMT techniques
- MFR - INR - ST - MET
65
Combination OMT techniques
- MFR
66
Indirect OMT techniques
- MFR | - INR

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