Motivation

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

a person’s willingness to exert physical mental effort for a goal which gives purpose or direction to behavior.

Question 2

motives can be…

Answer 2

physiological, personal, or social

Question 3

motivation

Answer 3

energized, directed, and sustained

Question 4

cognitive dissonance

Answer 4

explains motivation for effort justification

Question 5

what does cognitive dissonance result in?

Answer 5

finding an activity that provides a less tangible reward more enjoyable than one that provides a larger reward.

Question 6

what is an example of a motive?

Answer 6

a hypothetical state within an organism that drives it toward a goal and is disclosed in terms of needs, drives, and incentives.

Question 7

what is the difference between a need and a drive?

Answer 7

a need is a state of deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation.

Drive is an arousal state that occurs because of a psychological need.

Question 8

what is an example between a need and drive?

Answer 8

not having water (need)
thirsty (drive)

Question 9

what rises an incentive?

Answer 9

not everything that could potentially elimate a drive is sought. not everything is seen as an incentive.

Question 10

what is an incentive?

Answer 10

an object, person, or situation perceived as capable of satisfying a need.

Question 11

what is self-regulation?

Answer 11

setting goals, plan to implement goals, and monitor the process of these goals.

Question 12

What is the instinct theory?

Answer 12

we have inherited dispositions that activate specific behavioral patterns that are designed to reach certain goals. this SHOULD fit all of the cultures in the world.

Question 13

what is the problem with the instinct theory?

Answer 13

does not explain acquired needs or learned needs or desires.

Question 14

What is the drive-reduction?

Answer 14

homeostasis. (organisms learn to engage in behaviors that are designed to reduce drive) because we don’t like to be stressed.

Question 15

example of drive-reduction

Answer 15

eat as you become hungry to decrease hunger. On thanksgiving, fasting in-between meals that increases our drive. Eat when not hungry is not an example of the theory of motivation.

Question 16

Maslow motivation

Answer 16

Motivation is the result of human focusing in satisfying lower needs before higher needs.

Question 17

What are the stages of Maslow?

Answer 17

1) physiological
2) safety
3) love/belongingness
4) esteem
5) self-actualization

Question 18

physiological

Answer 18

food, water, shelter, air, sleep, clothing, reproduction.

Question 19

safety

Answer 19

security, employment, resources

Question 20

love/ belongingness

Answer 20

friendship, intimacy, family, connection

Question 21

esteem

Answer 21

needs to be respected, achieve self-esteem, and be recognized

Question 22

self-actualization

Answer 22

full potential, best we can be, express unique capabilities.

Question 23

cognitive theory of motivation

Answer 23

we represent the world mentally, as a result we try to understand the world to predict and control events.

Question 24

why is the cognitive theory of motivation criticized?

Answer 24

it relies on unobservable mental representatives concepts instead off observable behaviors.

Question 25

hunger

Answer 25

chewing and swallowing, stomach, hunger panes, hypothalamus.

Question 26

what is the ventromedial hypothalamus?

Answer 26

red light. it reduces hunger and restricted eating. hyperphagic--> excessive eating

Question 27

what is the lateral hypothalamus?

Answer 27

green light. it is the start eating center. aphecic---> under eating

Question 28

insulin

Answer 28

secreted from pancreas to control blood glucose

Question 29

leptin

Answer 29

a chemical substance as a protein in releases by fat cells & decreases food intake and increase metabolism

Question 30

orexin

Answer 30

hypothalamus triggers it and its and hunger trigger hormone.

Question 31

ghereline

Answer 31

hormone secreted by an empty stomalin that sends "I'm hungry" signals to the brain.

Question 32

unnecessary hunger is caused by

Answer 32

sight, aroma, boredom, depression, anxiety, and learned association.

Question 33

weight watcher

Answer 33

program that improves nutrients knowledge, decrease calorie intake, exercise, and habit health.

Question 34

stimulus seeking is...

Answer 34

the result of stimulus motives or motive to increase the stimulation impinging upon us.

Question 35

what does sensory deprivation lead to?

Answer 35

boredom, disorientation, and have a hard time focusing on problem solving tasks. This is why we have the desire to manipulate our environments either to reduced primary drives prevent sensory deprivation.

Question 36

masters and Johnson

Answer 36

studied sexual motivation and sexual response. invited couples to come into the lab and have sex.

Question 37

what are the stages of sex?

Answer 37

excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Question 38

excitement

Answer 38

the beginning stage of erratic responses and body arousal.

Question 39

plateau

Answer 39

pause in physiological arousal and peak in orgasm stage.

Question 40

resolution

Answer 40

stage returns to homeostasis

Question 41

refectory stage

Answer 41

men. time period between orgasms that varies between age, fatigue, and health.

Question 42

estrogen

Answer 42

sex hormone, secreted by females and plays a role in a female's menstruation cycle and significantly impacts puberty.

Question 43

testosterone

Answer 43

most important sex hormone. extra testosterone stimulates growth of male sec organs on fetus and develops male sex characteristics in puberty.

Question 44

achievement

Answer 44

motivation to such that is driven by performance or learning goals. plays a role in fulfilling esteem and self-actualization needs.

Question 45

affiliation

Answer 45

the desire to associate or connect with a group.

Question 46

anxiety raises...

Answer 46

the needs to affiliate with others.

Question 47

what is the social comparison theory?

Answer 47

suggests that we look to others for cues on how to behave in unfamiliar or confusing situations.

Question 48

aggression

Answer 48

defined with the intent to harm physically or mentally.

Question 49

what is now true about aggression?

Answer 49

It is not as important as the capacity to outwit our opponents.

Question 50

psychodynamic/ freudian

Answer 50

aggressive impulses are inevitable reactions to frustrating parts of life. motivated by aggression, but unaware of its influence.

Question 51

cognitive perspective

Answer 51

people who believe that aggression is justified and necessary are more likely to behave aggressively and the opposite for those who believe in opposite views. frustration and discomfort may trigger unpleasant feelings that prompt aggression.

Question 52

learning perspective

Answer 52

aggression is acquired through reinforcement. Albert Bandura. BOBO DOLL experiment