motivation

Question 1

The self as a motivated

Answer 1

Based on observations alone, we cannot fully know what is going on in someone’s head, i.e. what they actually want, what they value, or their purpose.
Many broad psychological theories of the self prioritise the motivational qualities of human behaviour—the inner needs, wants, desires, goals, values, plans, programs, fears, and aversions that seem to give behaviour its direction and purpose.
These kinds of theories explicitly conceive of the self as amotivated agent. To be an agent is to act with direction and purpose, to move forward into the future in pursuit of self-chosen and valued goals.

Question 2

Motivation

Answer 2

The study of motivation concerns those internal processes that give behaviour its energy, direction, and persistence.

It provides insight into why we behave the way we do.
It is an internal process that reflects the desire to achieve certain goals.
Motivation is said to be object-directed. The goal is the object of the motivated behaviour.

Question 3

Motivation can be divided into

Answer 3

Two basic types:
Intrinsic motivation – from within
Extrinsic motivation – from outside
And…
Two theoretical areas:
Biological - motivation that is essential for individual survival or survival of the species
Psychological - theories that explain human motivation in society

Question 4

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 4

Intrinsic motivation reflects the desire to do something because it is enjoyable.
If we are intrinsically motivated, we would not be worried about external rewards such as praise or awards.
If we are intrinsically motivated, the enjoyment we experience would be sufficient for us to want to perform the activity in the future.

Question 5

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 5

Extrinsic motivation reflects the desire to do something because of external rewards such as awards, money, and praise.
People who are extrinsically motivated may not enjoy certain activities. They may only engage in certain activities because they wish to receive some external reward.

Question 6

Self determinatoin theory

Answer 6

1. Autonomy – to be in control of your own behaviour
2. Competence – to have mastery of skills
3. Relatedness – to have a sense of belonging and attachment