motivation and emotion (chapter 11)

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

the physiological and psychological process underlying the initiation of behaviors that direct organisms toward specific goals

Question 2

Drives

Answer 2

biological triggers that tell us we may be deprived of something and cause us to seek out what is needed such as food or water

Question 3

incentives

Answer 3

stimulus we seek out to reduce the drives

Question 4

allostasis

Answer 4

the process whereby motivation is not only influenced by current needs, but also by the anticipation of future needs caused by stressed

Question 5

unit bias

Answer 5

the tendency to assume that the unit of sale or portioning is an appropriate amount to consume
-bottomless bowl experiment

Question 6

three main social factors

Answer 6

social facilitation- eating more
impression management- eating less
modelling- eating whatever they ear

Question 7

obesity

Answer 7

is a disorder characterized by excessive energy intake compared to energy expenditure

Question 8

Anorexia

Answer 8

nervosa is an eating disorder that involves, self-starvation, intense fear of weight gain and dissatisfaction with ones body, denial of the serious consequences of severely low weight

Question 9

intrasexual selection

Answer 9

involves competition within the same sex for mating opportunities in some species, such as dominant males in primates. favors strongest and smartest

Question 10

bulimia nervosa

Answer 10

Eating disorder that is characterized by periods of food deprivation, binge-eating and purging

Question 11

intersexual

Answer 11

is when one sex selects mates based on desirable traits,

Question 12

reasons to have sex!

Answer 12

1. physical reasons (orgasm)
2. to help attain a goal
3. for emotional reasons (love, relationship)
4. because of insecurity (felt obligated)

Question 13

sexual orientation

Answer 13

involves a consistent preference for the sexual relations with the opposite sex, same sex, or either sex

Question 14

gender roles

Answer 14

refer to accepted attitudes and behaviors for males and females in a society

Question 14

sexual scripts

Answer 14

rules and assumptions about male and female sexual behaviors

Question 15

sex guilt

Answer 15

negative emotion stemming from violations of cultural sexual norms

Question 16

mallows hierarchy of needs

Answer 16

basic needs at bottom, personal fulfillment at top

Question 17

achievement motivation

Answer 17

the drive to perform at high levels and accomplish significant goals

Question 18

avoidance goal

Answer 18

an attempt to avoid a negative outcome

Question 18

approach goal

Answer 18

enjoyable and placement incentive that a person is drawn toward

Question 19

self-determination theory

Answer 19

an individuals ability to achieve their goals and attain psychological well-being is influenced by the degree to which they are in control of the behaviors necessary to achieve those goals

Question 20

self-efficacy

Answer 20

an individuals confidence that he or she can pan and execute a course of action in order to solve a problem

Question 20

intrinsic/mastery motives

Answer 20

motives that reflect a desire to understand or overcome a challenge

Question 21

extrinsic/performance motives

Answer 21

generally those motives that are geared toward gaining rewards or public recognition, or avoiding embarrassment

Question 22

amotivational

Answer 22

is a feeling of having little or no motivation to perform a behavior

Question 23

spachter-singer two factor theory of emotion

Answer 23

patterns of physical arousal and the cognitive labels we attach to them form the basis of our emotional experiences or in english a theory that states that emotion is due to two factors, physiological arousal and cognitive processes

Question 24

hypothalamus

Answer 24

regulates biological needs and motivational systems

Question 25

sexual response

Answer 25

described the phases of physiological change during sexual activity which compromises four primary stages 1. excitement 2. plateau 3. orgasm 4. resolution

Question 26

cingulate cortex

Answer 26

a region of brain involved in emotional processing

Question 27

orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 27

involved in linking food taste and texture with reward

Question 28

basil ganglia

Answer 28

motor control and reward center

Question 29

self-actualization

Answer 29

the point at which a person reaches their full potential as a creative, deep-thinking and accepting human being

Question 30

terror management theory

Answer 30

a psychological perspective asserting that the human fear or mortality motivates behavior, particularly behaviors that preserve self-esteem and our sense of belonging in other words because what the fuck did that say people feel threatened by their own death and therefore adopt worldviews that allow them to find meaning and worth in their lives.

Question 31

anxiety buffers

Answer 31

concepts or belief that prevent death-related anxiety from entering our conscious mind

Question 32

self-efficacy

Answer 32

an individuals confidence that they can plan and execute a course of action in order to solve a problem

Question 33

self-determination theory

Answer 33

a theory that states an individuals ability to achieve their goals and attain psychological well-being is influenced by the degree the which they are in control of the behaviors necessary to achieve the goals

Question 34

James-lange theory

Answer 34

physical changes in the body happen first, which then leads to the experience of emotion

Question 35

cannon-bard theory

Answer 35

the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes stimulus--> emotion and physiological change

Question 36

fast pathway

Answer 36

allows us to respond to potentially dangerous stimulus before we even know what it is

Question 37

amygdala

Answer 37

quickly asses danger or threat

Question 38

hypothalamus

Answer 38

related to eating disorders 2 areas affected: ventromedial and lateral hypothalamus

Question 39

stanley milgram

Answer 39

found that normal people in normal times will often follow orders to hurt innocent people

Question 40

emotional dialetcs

Answer 40

or vacations across cultures in how common emotions are expressed

Question 41

display rules

Answer 41

refer to the unwritten expectations we have regarding when it is approaitate to show a certain emotion