Motivation Concepts

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

The processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal

Question 2

Intensity

Answer 2

How hard a person tries

Question 3

Hierarchy of needs

Answer 3

The best known theory of motication which hypothesizes that within every human being there is a hierarchy of five needs

Question 4

The original 5 hierarchy of needs

Answer 4

1. Physiological
2. Safety-security
3. Social belongingness
4. Esteem
5. Self actualization

Question 5

Hertzberg’s Two Factor Theory

Answer 5

Assumes that an individuals relationship to work is basic and that attitude toward work determines success or failure. Asserts that the opposite of satisfaction is no satisfaction.

Question 6

McClelland’s theory of needs

Answer 6

Developed by David McClelland and associates. These needs are more like motivating factors than needs for survival.

Question 7

The three needs in McClelland’s theory

Answer 7

1. Need for achievement
2. Need for power
3. Need for affiliation

Question 8

Self-Determination theory

Answer 8

People prefer to feel that they have control over their actions. Anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel like an obligation will undermine motivation.

Question 9

Cognitive Evaluation Theory

Answer 9

Theorizes that extrinsic rewards will reduce intrinsic interest in a task

Question 10

Self-concordance

Answer 10

Theorizes that how strongly people’s reason for pursuing goals are consistent with their interests and core values

Question 11

Goal setting theory

Answer 11

Proposed by Edwin Locke. Reveals the effects of goal specificity, challenge, and feedback on performance. Intentions to work towards a goal are considered a major source of work motivation.

Question 12

Three personal factors that influence goals

Answer 12

1. Goal commitment
2. Task characteristic
3. National culture

Question 13

Promotion focus

Answer 13

Strive for advancement and accomplishment and approach conditions that move them closer to their goals

Question 14

Prevention focus

Answer 14

Strive to fulfil duties and obligations amd avoid conditions that pull them away from their desired goals

Question 15

Management by objective

Answer 15

Emphasizes participatively set goals that are tangible, verifiable, and measurable. Most popular in the 1970s.

Question 16

Self-efficacy theory

Answer 16

An individual’s belief that he or she is capable of performing a task

Question 17

Increasing self-effacacy

Answer 17

1. Enactive Mastery
2. Vicarious modeling
3. Verbal persuasion
4. Arousal

Question 18

Reinforcement theory

Answer 18

Reinforcement conditions behavior

Question 19

Operant Conditioning

Answer 19

People learn to behave to grt aomething they want or to avoid something they don’t want

Question 20

Behaviorism

Answer 20

Behavior follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking maner

Question 21

Social-learning theory

Answer 21

The view that we can learn through both observation and direct experience

Question 22

Equity theory

Answer 22

Employees compare what they get from their job to what they put in

Question 23

Organizational Justice

Answer 23

Fairness in the workplace

Question 24

Distributive Justice

Answer 24

Fairness of outcomes

Question 25

Procedural Justice

Answer 25

How outcomes are allocated

Question 26

Informational Justice

Answer 26

Explanations are provided for key decisions and important information is shared

Question 27

Interpersonal Justice

Answer 27

Being treated with dignity and respect

Question 28

Expectancy Theory

Answer 28

Victor Vroom’s theory that our tendency to act a certain way depends on the strength of our expectation of a given outcome and its attractiveness.

Question 29

Job engagement

Answer 29

The investment of an employee’s physical, cognitive, and emotional energies into job performance