motivation, emotion and personality

Question 1

Instinct theroy

Answer 1

insitncts are roots for all out motivations and actions

Question 2

drive-reduction theory

Answer 2

the more ohysiological need increases the bigger the mental need to satisfy it

Question 3

incentive

Answer 3

a positive or negative stimuli that motivates behavior

Question 4

instinct

Answer 4

an unlearned habit with a fixed pattern throughout species

Question 5

Arousal theory

Answer 5

even when all our physiological needs are ssatisfied we still wan to feel stimulation so we go and explore

Question 6

yerkes-dodson law

Answer 6

moderate arousal leads to optimal performance

Question 7

Incentive approach

Answer 7

when incentives are used to motivate people (trophies, homeowrk etc.)

Question 8

Expectancyvalue theory

Answer 8

One’s motivation is determined by how much they actually desire the final goal and how much they believe they can succeed.

Question 9

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

Answer 9

physiological needs - need for safety - need to recieve love - enjoying self-esteem - fullfilling our potential

Question 10

overjustification effect

Answer 10

being voerly rewarded makes certain thigns less enjoyable

Question 11

bood-borne illenss

Answer 11

if a food makes us sick ones we will probably isntictively stay away from it in the future

Question 12

stages of sexual response cycle

Answer 12

excitment - plateau - orgasm. resolution

Question 13

affiliation

Answer 13

need to belong

Question 14

ostracism

Answer 14

getting excluded froma social group

Question 15

James-lange emotion theory

Answer 15

emotions are a rsult of physical reaction to a situation

Question 16

Cannon-Bard emotion theory

Answer 16

emotional and physical reaction happen at the same time

Question 17

Schachter-SInger emotion theory aka two factor theory

Answer 17

emotion comes from a physical reaction, but first you need to cognitvely label that reaction to an emotion or you can simply dismiss to

Question 18

facial feedback theory

Answer 18

the tendency of facial expressions associated with specific emotions to actually trigger that emotion

Question 19

behavior feedbakćk

Answer 19

The tendency of a behaviour to influence our thought, feelings and actions

Question 20

components of emotion

Answer 20

physiological response, behavior, subjective labeling

Question 21

stress

Answer 21

process of appraising and responding to a threatening or a challenging event.

Question 22

stressor

Answer 22

the trigger for the stress reaction (a test, a bear running at you etc.)

Question 23

stress reaction

Answer 23

the reaction to the stressor ( frantically running away from the bear, heartbeat quickening)

Question 24

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 24

Alarm- resistnance - exhaustion

Question 25

positive psychology

Answer 25

positive well being, positive charcter. positive groups and communities, Martin Seligman

Question 26

adaptation-level phenomenon

Answer 26

comparing current eventy with the events in our past

Question 27

relative deprivation

Answer 27

whenw e think we are worse off than those we compare ourselves with

Question 28

Approach-approach

Answer 28

conflict has two positive outcomes, the person is ina state of unstable equilibrium, once resolved conflict is gone

Question 29

Avoidance - avoidance

Answer 29

conflict has two negative outcomes, stable equilibrium, takes longer to resolve

Question 30

approach-avoidance

Answer 30

one outcame has both negative and positive sides, stable equilibrium

Question 31

Type A personality

Answer 31

Determined, time-conscious, extremely meticulous, slight hostility and anger issues

Question 32

Type B personality

Answer 32

Tranquil, easy-going, less determined and competitive than A, no anger issues

Question 33

Type C personality

Answer 33

Agreeable, introverted, doesn’t share feeling, no expressing anger or worry

Question 34

Hardy personality type

Answer 34

Flourishes in stress, but doesn’t know aggression

Question 35

ID

Answer 35

unconscious energy that wants to satisfy basic sexual and agressive drives, pleasure principle, wants immediare satisfaction

Question 36

Ego

Answer 36

mostly conscious and tries to mediate between ID's desires and reality, reality principle

Question 37

Superego

Answer 37

conscious moral compass, forces ego to not only consider reality but also the ideal way of doing things

Question 38

Oral stage

Answer 38

0-18months, babies see the world thorugh their mouths

Question 39

Anal stage

Answer 39

18-36 months, toilet training

Question 40

Anal expulsive personality

Answer 40

when children refuse to go to the toilet and do there thing wherever they please they become slobs in the future

Question 41

Anal-retentive personality

Answer 41

refuse to go to the toilet and take pleasure in holding it in, they become stingy

Question 42

phallic stage

Answer 42

3-6 yers, children discover the differences between sexes and become curious

Question 43

Oedipus complex

Answer 43

boys become sexually attracted to ther mothers and become jealous of their fathers

Question 44

Latency stage

Answer 44

6-puberty, no focus on pleasure, boys play with boys and girls play with girls

Question 45

genital stage

Answer 45

(puberty on) focus is on genitals and sexual behavior

Question 46

regression

Answer 46

retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage where some psychic energy remains fixated

Question 47

reaction formation

Answer 47

switiching unacceptable impulses into theri opposites

Question 48

projection

Answer 48

putting your own threatning impulses on others

Question 49

rationalization

Answer 49

Offering a more logical explanation for one’s actions and one that sounds better, rather than the real unconscious reason

Question 50

displacement

Answer 50

Shifting sexual or aggressive desire towards a more acceptable person or object

Question 51

sublimation

Answer 51

Transferring of unacceptable impulses into a socially valued motives

Question 52

denial

Answer 52

Refusing to believe o even perceive painful realities

Question 53

Alfred Adler

Answer 53

neo-Freudian, Behavior is driven by efforts to conquer childhood inferiority feelings and our strive for power and superiority

Question 54

Karen Horney

Answer 54

neo-Freudian, Childhood anxiety trigger our need for love and security. Also was very against Freud’s masculine bias

Question 55

Carl Jung

Answer 55

neo-Freudian, Mostly agreed with Freud, although he also believed in collective unconsciousness (unconscious reservoir of images from our specie’s history)

Question 56

Thematic apperception test

Answer 56

Patients are shown an ambiguous scene and are told to tell a story about it.

Question 57

Rorschhach Inkblot test

Answer 57

eha tdo you see in inkblots

Question 58

self-concept

Answer 58

our answer to "who am I?"

Question 59

ideal self

Answer 59

what we view asa perfect person and who we aspire to be

Question 60

Uncoditional positive regard

Answer 60

an attitude of unconditionally accepting everyone and everything

Question 61

Power distance

Answer 61

whether you take care of yourself or other first

Question 62

personality inventory

Answer 62

questions that are meant to evoke thoughts and feelings, answers are used to ientify personality traits

Question 63

MMPI

Answer 63

previously used to identify personality disorders

Question 64

Big five theory by costa and McRae

Answer 64

extraversion (also often spelled extroversion), agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.

Question 65

projective tests

Answer 65

to uncover unconscious mind, random images and to say the first thing that comes to mind

Question 66

Albert Bandura personality theory

Answer 66

He believed that our personalities were influenced by our behaviour, internal personal factors and environmental influences

Question 67

reciprocal determinism

Answer 67

It directly means the interacting influences of behaviour, internal cognition and environment.