Motivational Theories Flashcards
Operationing conditioning theory
Extinction- No reaction from an action
Punishment- wrong reaction is punished to act as deterrence
Negative reinforcement- Negative behaviour= negative consequences
Positive reinforcement- positive behavior= positive consequences
Maslows hierarchy of needs
5- levels of needs- basic needs, security, belonging and love, esteem and self actualization
The management needs to find a way to ensure that employees can move to higher levels of fulfillment while still maintaining that the lower levels remain fullfilled.
Should not pressure any employee to move to a higher level while still unfulfilled.
Needs should be aligned to company objectives.
Motivation- Hygiene Theory
Motivations- factors related to the job directly.
Hygiene- factors not expressly related to the job like the working environments. Everything an employee might experience while doing the job.
positive motivation= happy employee
Unacceptable motivation= nothing to the employee
Unhappy hygiene= unhappy employee
Theory X and Theory Y
Represents the two approaches to management.
X- (X like no to the work) managers work with the assumption that employees are lazy and unwilling to work
Y- ( yes to the work) managers work with the assumption that employees will taken more work
Expectancy theory
People will put effort if they have reason to believe that it will result in a worthwhile outcome
Valence- is the recognition worthwhile
Expectancy - likelihood to achieve goal
Instrumentability- likelihood of recognition
Acquired needs theory
Driven by achievement
Those with the need to achieve neither risk embracing nor averting the risk. They take a middle ground
Equity theory
Employees want to be treated equally in comparison to their fellow employees.
Employees will compare their input with those of other employees
If they feel that they are being treated unfairly;
i. Change input
ii. Change output
iii. Quit
iv. Continue to put in effort
