Motivational Theory

Question 1

Motivational Theory

- Taylor

Answer 1

Scientific Mgt

- Add details

Question 2

Motivational Theory

- Hertzburg

Answer 2

Hygiene factors

Motivating factors

Question 3

Motivational Theory

- Theory X, Theory Y

Answer 3

Douglas McGregor (1960)

Theory X

• The average person dislikes work and will avoid it he/she can.
• Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives.
• The average person prefers to be directed; to avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else.

Theory Y

• Effort in work is as natural as work and play.
• People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment.
• Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement.
• People usually accept and often seek responsibility.
• The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organisational problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population.
• In industry the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilised.

Question 4

Motivational Theory

- Theory Z

Answer 4

Ouchi (1981)

Japanese consensus management style based on the assumptions that:

(1) employees want to build cooperative relationships with their employers, peers, and other employees in the firm; for this they
(2) require high degree of support in the form of secure employment and facilities for development of multiple skills through training and job rotation
(3) they value family life, culture and traditions, and social institutions as much as material success
(4) they have well-developed sense of dedication, moral obligations, and self-discipline, an
(5) they can make collective decisions through consensus.

Question 5

Motivational Theory

- Hertzburg

Answer 5

Satisfaction and dissatisfaction come from different sources

‘hygiene’ factors:

policy, relationship with supervisor, work conditions
salary, company car
status, security, relationship with subordinates, personal life

motivators:

achievement,recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement