MOTOR CONTROL

Question 1

__________________________

• Uses 15% of total blood supply
• used 25% of total oxygen
• 3.5lbs
• 2.5% of total body weight
• Blood supply cut off for 15 sec, lose consciousness cut off for 4MIN,
• brain damage but functions of damaged neurons can be shifted to others.

Answer 1

HUMAN BRAIN

Question 2

The Supplementary Motor Cortex Assists in ?

Answer 2

PLANNING OF MOVEMENT

Question 3

Supplementary motor cortex does two things, what are they ?

Answer 3

Finger Movement Sequence (Performance/mental rehearsal)

Question 4

What are 4 things the Motor Cortex does ?

Answer 4

• ASSIGNS MUSCLES
• DIRECTION OF MOTION
• HELPS DEVELOP LEVELS OF FORCE
• CONTRALATERAL CONTROL

Question 5

The Somato-Sensory Cortex does what ?

Answer 5

• INTERPRETS SENSORY INFORMATION

- CONTRALATERAL REPRESENTATION

Question 6

The Cerebellum does What ?

Answer 6

Helps coordinate movement

-helps control balance

Question 7

Cere-Cerebellar Loop (_______________)

Answer 7

Every 10 ms

Question 8

What does the Basal Ganglia do?

Answer 8

• Initiation of movement

- the Intensity of activation produces

Question 9

__________________

• bloody supply cut off for 15 SEC, LOSE consciousness cut off for 4MIN, BRAIN DAMAGE.
• but functions of damaged neurons can be shifted to others.

Answer 9

HUMAN BRAIN

Question 10

The Basal Ganglia produces a neurotransmitter called?

Answer 10

DOPAMINE

Question 11

-

Answer 11

• PYRAMIDAL (CORTICO-SPINAL) TRACT

- EXTRAPYRAMIDAL TRACTS

Question 12

____________________

-sends Motor commands for voluntary movements

Answer 12

PYRAMIDAL (CORTICO-SPINAL) TRACT

Question 13

______________________

-Balance and posture

Answer 13

EXTRAPYRAMIDAL TRACTS

Question 14

What is the Major AFFERENT Pathway ?

Answer 14

DORSAL COLUMN

Question 15

__________________

- send sensory information to somatosensory cortex (conscious perception)

Answer 15

DORSAL COLUMN

Question 16

_______________

-describes behavior

Answer 16

MODEL

Question 17

________

-a stable relationship between two or more Variables

Answer 17

LAW

Question 18

____________

-tries to explain behavior, also makes predictions

Answer 18

THEORY

Question 19

When a person is given certain input or stimulus, that stimulus affects the persons actions.
What theory is this ?

Answer 19

THE BLACK BOX THEORY

Question 20

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Sensory information (environment/body) is processed in different stages

Answer 20

THE INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL

Question 21

Input> stimulus Identification>Response Selection> response Programming> Output.

Answer 21

INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL

Question 22

High Centers > Spinal Level > Lower Level (sends muscle/joint feedback to the Spinal Level) > Movement (movement sends visual feedback to the spinal levels.

Answer 22

Open and Closed Loop Control

Question 23

_______________________

Movement is programmed by muscle commands from the higher centers.

Answer 23

MOTOR PROGRAMMING THEORY

Question 24

Programs contain two characteristics:

Answer 24

-variant features

Invariant features

Question 25

____________________ | -those aspects of movement that change (eg. walking speed)

Answer 25

Variant Features

Question 26

____________________ - Those aspects that do not change. - Differentiate different programs

Answer 26

INVARIANT FEATURES

Question 27

_____________________ - The Motor system does not directly control the once of a movement. - Rather it controls the THRESHOLD of activation of motor units - Both agonist and antagonist muscles can be controlled this way

Answer 27

EQUILIBRIUM POINT THEORY

Question 28

___________________ - Focus on the coordination of movement among, joints muscles or neurons - changes in patterns of coordination due to many factors besides higher level influence * Order parameters * describe the patterns * control parameters -outside variables that induce pattern change

Answer 28

DYNAMIC PATTERN THEORY

Question 29

________________ - time from onset of stimulus to the initiation of the response. * (e.g. sprint starts)

Answer 29

REACTION TIME

Question 30

_________________ | -the time from initiation of movement to its completion.

Answer 30

MOVEMENT TIME

Question 31

____________________ | The time from the stimulus... to the END of the response.

Answer 31

RESPONSE TIME

Question 32

What re the 2 laws Governing Reaction Time and Movement Time?

Answer 32

- HICK-HYMAN LAW | - FITTS’ LAW

Question 33

``` __________________ -Govern behavior PRIOR to movement >Decision making - Reaction TIme Increases by a nearly constant amount every time the number of (response alternatives) Doubles. >Implications.. -Anticipation -Creating uncertainty ```

Answer 33

HICK-HYMAN LAW

Question 34

________________ - Governs behavior during the movement. Can predict movement time, i.e.... * how long does it take to complete a movement -Movement time Increases when: >Distance traveled is lengthened -target is small -both -In essence, speed must be traded for accuracy. “Haste Makes Waste.”

Answer 34

FITTS’ LAW