KINESIOLOGY MOD 1. PART 1

Question 1

What are negative side effects from Lack of Movement

Answer 1

Muscle atrophy
Loss of flexibility
Calcium loss in bone 
Irritability 
Anxious 
Mental depression

Question 2

Positive effects of physical activity and exercise are?

Answer 2

> increase in cardio respiratory function
Muscular strength and endurance
Improvements in cognitive Function

Question 3

The ______________ ______________ is the position of the human body standing erect with the arms by its slides and the palms of the hands facing forward.

Answer 3

Anatomical Position

Question 4

The Chest is ___________ to the belly Button
The belly button is ________ to the chest
The Belly button is __________ to the bicep.
The Bicep is ____________ to the belly.
The Bicep is___________ to the Wrist.
the Wrist is ____________ to the bicep

Answer 4

Superior 
Inferior 
Medial 
Lateral 
Proximal 
Distal

Question 5

The _________________ divides the upper and lower halves of the body equally

Answer 5

Cardinal Transverse Plane

Question 6

The ____________________ divide the right and left halves of the body equally.

Answer 6

Cardinal Sagittal Plane

Question 7

The _____________________ plane divides the anterior and posterior halves of the body equally.

Answer 7

Cardinal Frontal (or coronal)

Question 8

The____________________ passes through the body from side to side and is associated with movement in the SAGITTAL PLANE.

Answer 8

TRANSVERSE AXIS

Question 9

___________________ passes through the body from front to back and is associated with movement in the FRONTAL PLANE

Answer 9

THE ANTEROPOSTERIOR AXIS

Question 10

The___________________ plane divided the anterior and posterior halves of the body equally.

Answer 10

CARDINAL FRONTAL (OR CORONAL)

Question 11

What are the 2 major sections of the skeletal system ?

Answer 11

AXIAL & APPENDICULAR

Question 12

How many bones are in the Axial skeleton ?

Answer 12

80

Question 13

How many bones are in the Appendicular Skeleton?

Answer 13

126

Question 14

The skeletal system represents about ____% of the total body mass.

Answer 14

15

Question 15

_________________ cylindrical w/ large knobby ends where ligaments and tendons attach near the joint. These bones have evolved to endure great stresses like those created during locomotion.
I.E.-FEMUR

Answer 15

LONG BODY

Question 16

The Knobby end of a long bone is called ____________ and the long shaft is termed a _________.

Answer 16

EPIPHYSIS

DIAPHYSIS

Question 17

Like the sternum also contain a spongy interior and hard surface, and generally have evolved to protect the vital organs of the body.

Answer 17

FLAT BONES

Question 18

Like the vertebra are oddly shaped for a variety of purposes.

Answer 18

IRREGULAR BONES

Question 19

________, ___________, and ____________ are the body’s hardest structural material.

Answer 19

BONE, DENTIN AND ENAMEL

Question 20

__________(calcium, phosphate) make the bones hard and rigid.

Answer 20

INORGANIC SALT

Question 21

______________(Protein collagen) make the bones tough, yet pliable

Answer 21

ORGANIC MATERIAL

Question 22

What are the 5 functions of the Bones?

Answer 22

1. Provide form and true true to the human body
2. Provide protection for the internal organs (skull)
3. Analogous to levers in a pulley system (providing attachments for muscle)
4. Produce red and white blood cells and blood platelets (clotting)
5. Store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

Question 23

The point in the skeletal system where two or more bones meet (or articulate) is called a _______________

Answer 23

JOINT

Question 24

Depending on the type of joint, the bones may or may not actually be attached to one another by connective tissue called ____________

Answer 24

LIGAMENT

Question 25

Bones are connected to the surrounding muscles by white fibrous tissue called_______________. CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN BONE &MUSCLE TISSUE.

Answer 25

Tendons

Question 26

There are how many types of joints?

Answer 26

3

Question 27

_______________ Involve the articulation of two or more bones that have been fused together.

Answer 27

IMMOVABLE JOINTS

Question 28

Have a restricted range of motion because of the particular structure of he bones and the connective tissue. Other types are synchro Doris is joints that separate the epiphyses from the diaphyses within long bones.

Answer 28

SLIGHTLY MOVABLE (AMPHIARTHROSES)

Question 29

_____________________ joints permit a wide range of movements.

Answer 29

FREELY MOVABLE (DIARTHROSES)

Question 30

> The ball-shaped head of one bone fits into a depression (socket) in another bone. >circular. The joints can move in all planes, and rotation is possible >Shoulder, hip

Answer 30

BALL-&-SOCKET

Question 31

ANn oval-shaped protuberance (called a condole) of one bone fits into oval-shaped cavity of another bone > Can move in different planes but cant rotate. >Knuckles (the joint between metacarpals and phalanges)

Answer 31

ELLIPSOID JOINT

Question 32

> Flat or slightly curved surfaces join together. > Sliding or twisting in different planes. >Joints between carpal bones (wrist) and between tarsal bones (ankle)

Answer 32

GLIDING JOINT

Question 33

>THe convex surface of one bone joins with concave surface of another. > Up and Down motion, bending (flexion), and straightening (extension) >Elbow, Knee

Answer 33

HINGE JOINT

Question 34

Cylinder-shaped projection on one bone is surrounded by a ring of another bone and ligament Rotation is the only movement possible. Radio-ulnar joint at the elbow (supination/pronation), atlanto-axial joint of the neck under the head (head rotation)

Answer 34

PIVOT JOINT

Question 35

Each bone is saddle shaped and fits into the saddle-shaped region of the opposite bone. Many movements are possible; can move in different planes but cant rotate. Carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb.

Answer 35

SADDLE JOINT

Question 36

There are six types of Diarthrodial joints

Answer 36

``` Ball-&-Socket ELLIPSOID JOINT GLIDING JOINT HINGE JOINT PIVOT JOINT SADDLE JOINT ```

Question 37

Calcium lost causing brittle bones (post-menopausal women, astronauts, sedentary or immobilized individuals)

Answer 37

OSTEOPOROSIS

Question 38

_____________ Bone cells that build bone matter. _____________ bone cells that break down bone matter.

Answer 38

OSETEOBLAST | OSTEOCLASTS

Question 39

When osteoclasts begins to win, treatments that work are?

Answer 39

ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION EXERCISE AN ACTIVE AND NUTRITIONALLY SOUND LIFESTYLE.

Question 40

what are good sources of Calcium ?

Answer 40

``` MILK/MILK PRODUCTS SARDINES AND CANNED ALMON KIDNEY BEANS DARK, GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS ```

Question 41

What are inhibitors of Calcium Absorption?

Answer 41

Excessive consumption of MEAT, SALT, COFFEE, ALCOHOL

Question 42

Too much exercise, particularly in __________________, reduces Body weight and body fat, causing secondary amenorrhea, a hormonal imbalance leading to a removal of estrogens protective effect on bone.

Answer 42

PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Question 43

There are over _______ muscles throughout the body. Muscles comprise about ____% of the total body mass.

Answer 43

600 | 50%

Question 44

____________ refers to a movement away from the midline of the body or body part, while _____________________ refers to a movement toward the midline of the body or body part.

Answer 44

ABDUCTION | ADDUCTION

Question 45

______________means moving toward the superior position, while ____________ is moving toward the inferior position.

Answer 45

ELEVATION | DEPRESSION

Question 46

____________ is the lifting of the medial border of the foot and __________ is the lifting of the lateral inferior position,.

Answer 46

INVERSION | EVERSION

Question 47

_______________ is the moving of the top of the foot toward the shin, while ________________ is the moving of the foot downward.

Answer 47

DORSIFLEXION | PLANTARFLEXION

Question 48

________________ is a circular or cone-like movement of a body segment, such as the motion required to draw a circle using only the wrist joint.

Answer 48

CIRCUMDUCTION

Question 49

______________ - a type of muscle tissue that is not normally under voluntary control - stimulated by autonomic nervous system - located in the walls of the visceral organs (eg. stomach, intestine etc. ) - pupil of the eye, blood vessels

Answer 49

SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE

Question 50

``` ________________ What type of muscle tissue - walls and partitions of the heart -not normally under voluntary control -autonomic nervous system ```

Answer 50

CARDIAC

Question 51

``` Characteristics of muscle tissue ______________ Muscle tissue can be stretched _______________ Muscle tissue returns to resting state following stretch ```

Answer 51

EXTENSIBILITY | ELASTICITY

Question 52

``` Characteristics of Muscle Tissue ______________ Muscle tissue responds to stimulation ______________ Muscle tissue shortens following stimulations ```

Answer 52

EXCITABILITY | CONTRACTIBILITY

Question 53

What type of Muscular Tissue is called striated (or striped) most predominant type , over 430_____________ muscles - voluntary control - somatic nervous system

Answer 53

SKELETAL

Question 54

_____________ are arranged in parallel bundles within fascicles but the arrangement of fasciculi in relation to the tendon can vary.

Answer 54

MUSCLE FIBERS

Question 55

Fasciculi arrangement is correlated with: - ______________________ - ______________________

Answer 55

- the amount of power of a muscle can produce. | - the range of motion a muscle can produce

Question 56

While there is a wide variety of skeletal muscle shapes, they can be generally classified into four categories;____________,_____________, ____________, and ______________.

Answer 56

LONGITUDINAL RADIATE FUSIFORM AND PENNIFORM

Question 57

____________ muscles have fibers that run parallel with the long axis of muscle .

Answer 57

LONGITUDINAL

Question 58

___________ muscles have fibers that fan outward from a single attachment.

Answer 58

RADIATE

Question 59

_________________ muscles are composed of muscle fibers that in the form of a spindle. * these muscles do not produce as great a muscular force compared to PENNIFORM muscles. This is because the larger muscle generally contains more individual muscle fibers that contract to produce muscular force and the fibers are usually thicker, which implies more contractile tissue.

Answer 59

FUSIFORM

Question 60

_____________ muscles have fibers that are arranged somewhat like a feather.

Answer 60

PENNIFORM `