Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neurophysiology Loyola > Motor Control and Motor Unit > Flashcards

Motor Control and Motor Unit Flashcards

(108 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which muscle type does the following characterization describe?

Upper limit for twitch tension is low

A

Slow twitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which motor unit does the following description characterize?

Current threshold for activation is high

A

FF MU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which type of movement occurs without any neural input?

A

Passive movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which muscle type does the following characterization describe?

Energy source is aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis

A

Oxidative glycolytic fast twitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a fasciculation?

A

Visible twitches that result from the activation of an entire motor unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or False: Stereotyped movement does NOT depend on central pattern generators

A

FALSE.

Stereotyped movement depends on central pattern generators.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define motor pool

A

alpha-motor neurons that innervate a single muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which motor unit does the following description characterize?

Low upper limit for tetanic tension

A

S MU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the maximal duration of continuous activation of glycolytic fast twitch fibers

A

5 minutes or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the maximal duration of continuous activation of FF motor units?

A

5 mins or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many motor neurons control a typical muscle?

A

100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which muscle fiber makes up a motor unit that can be described as “fatigue-resistant”

A

Oxidative glycolytic fast twitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the smallest division of movement?

A

Motor unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which motor unit does the following description characterize?

Input resistance is low

A

FF MU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which muscle type does the following characterization describe?

Maintains force for short periods of time

A

Fast twitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which muscle type does the following characterization describe?

Less vascularized

A

Fast twitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In the absence of neural input,

A) None of the fibers in the motor unit contract
B) Some of the fibers in the motor unit contract
C) All of the fibers in the motor unit contract

A

A) None of the fibers in the unit contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which motor unit does the following description characterize?

Intermediate upper limit for tetanic tension

A

FR MU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which muscle type does the following characterization describe?

pale in color

A

Fast twitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which motor unit does the following description characterize?

Maximal duration of continuous activation is hours

A

S MU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which muscle type does the following characterization describe?

Speed of contraction is intermediate

A

Oxidative glycolytic fast twitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Gazing at a painting or gasping at a story told by a friend are both examples of what?

A

Self-generated actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which has more fast twitch fibers proportionally, the soleus or the orbicularis oculi?

A

Orbicularis oculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Small, slow units are active during smooth control/poor control

A

Smooth control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is a self-generated action?
Occurs in response to a stimulus, removed from a sensory input
26
Which motor unit does the following description characterize? Current threshold for activation is low
S MU
27
Complete dysfunction in MN, NMJ, or muscle - muscles have no tone. This description best characterizes which of the following? ``` A) Akinesia B) Spastic paralysis C) Volitional Paresis D) Flaccid Paralysis E) Emotional Paresis ```
D) Flaccid paralysis
28
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Upper limit for twitch tension is high
Glycolytic fast twitch
29
Lack of movement, damage to the basal ganglia - seen in severe PD patients This description best characterizes which of the following? ``` A) Akinesia B) Spastic paralysis C) Volitional Paresis D) Flaccid Paralysis E) Emotional Paresis ```
A) Akinesia
30
Define A-reflexia
Lack of reflexes
31
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Can be large because force depends on cross sectional area
Fast twitch
32
Which motor unit does the following description characterize? High upper limit for tetanic tension
FF MU
33
Which motor unit does the following description characterize? Rise time is intermediate
FR MU
34
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Speed of contraction is fast
Fast twitch fibers
35
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Upper limit for twitch tension is intermediate
Oxidative glycolytic fast twitch
36
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Requires oxygen to function
Slow twitch; oxidative glycolytic fast twitch CAN use oxygen, but does not require it.
37
Which type of movement involves the coordinated function of various muscles and motor commands to control for fatigue, balance, weight (load)
Smooth movement
38
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Speed of contraction is slow
Slow-twitch
39
Small, slow units are active during low/high force contractions
Low force contractions
40
Why would fasciculations get larger after denervated muscle wasting?
Because the surviving motor neurons will rennervate the surviving fibers
41
When a motor unit fires, A) None of the fibers in the unit contract B) Some of the fibers in the unit contract C) All of the fibers in the unit contract
C) All of the fibers in the unit contract
42
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Contains glycogen stores
Fast twitch
43
What part of the brain does volitional action involve?
Central cortex
44
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Tires quickly
Fast twitch
45
Large fast units are active during smooth control/poor control
Poor control
46
Which motor unit does the following description characterize? Input resistance is intermediate
FR MU
47
``` A-Reflexia results from a lesion in which of the following? A) Basal ganglia B) Descending motor tracts C) Motor neurons D) Motor interneurons ```
C) Motor neurons, as well as the NMJ and muscle
48
Which motor unit does the following description characterize? Made of oxidative glycolytic fast twitch fibers
FR MU
49
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Not very large
Slow twitch
50
Define motor unit
1 motor neuron + fibers it innervates
51
Are reflexes affected by voluntary control?
NO
52
Which motor unit does the following description characterize? Current threshold for activation is intermediate
FR MU
53
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Energy Source is aerobic only
Slow twitch
54
What would denervated muscles look like on EMG?
Would show fasciculations
55
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Upper size limit is intermediate
Oxidative glycolytic fast-twitch
56
Which type of movement is involved with postural control and micturition
Stereotyped movement
57
Give an example of a muscle that does tonic movement - ongoing for long periods of time, postural
Soleus ( in the leg )
58
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Has a lot of mitochondria
Slow twitch
59
True or false: There is increasing tension as more muscle units are recruited
TRUE
60
Which type of movement depends on skeletal muscles
Voluntary movement
61
What is the maximal duration of continuous activation for oxidative glycolytic fast twitch fibers?
30 mins or less
62
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Upper size limit is small
Slow twitch fibers
63
Define reflex
Simple movement in reaction to stimuli (usually painful)
64
What causes a deficit of passive movement
Central problems
65
What is the maximal duration of continuous activation for FR motor units?
30 mins or less
66
What is the term for the inability to perform emotional actions?
emotional paresis
67
Large, fast units are active during low/high force contractions
High
68
Which motor unit does the following description characterize? Innervation ratio is low
FR MU
69
How does compensation work?
Increases discharge frequency of remaining neurons that are part of a partially lost motor pathway
70
Which motor unit does the following description characterize? Innervation ratio is the highest
FF motor units
71
Which has a larger fiber size, the soleus or the orbicularis occuli?
Soleus
72
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Generates force slowly
Slow twitch
73
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Generates large force
Fast twitch
74
``` Hyper-reflexia results from a lesion in which of the following? A) Basal Ganglia B) Descending Motor Tracts C) Motor Neurons D) Motor Interneurons ```
B) Descending motor tracts
75
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Anaerobic glycolysis only
Glycolytic fast twitch
76
What are the two categories of self-generated actions?
Volitional and emotional
77
The fibers in a single MU are A) Homogenous (i.e., all fast twitch) B) Heterogenous (i.e., some fast twitch, some slow twitch)
A) Homogenous
78
What part of the brain does emotional action involve?
Cortex
79
Which type of movement is LESS accurate, fast or slow movements?
Fast
80
Which muscle fiber makes up a motor unit that can be described as "fast fatigable"
Glycolytic fast twitch
81
What results from spinal poliomyelitis?
Motor neuron death + muscle weakness and flaccid paralysis
82
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Maintains force for a long time
Slow twitch
83
What confers the "biochemical type"
The motor neuron that innervates the fibers
84
Define hyperreflexia
Exuberant reflexes
85
Which motor unit does the following description characterize? Rise time is fast
FF MU
86
Which type of movement is semi-automatic and has rhythmic behaviors?
Stereotyped movement
87
What would a deficit of passive movement look like?
Resistance to movement
88
What is the rise time of S motor units?
50-100 ms
89
Give an example of a muscle that does phasic (burst activity) movement - fast, short-lived
Obicularis oculi
90
Lesion in the corticospinal pathway or supplementary area. Involves hyper-reflexia This description best characterizes which of the following? ``` A) Akinesia B) Spastic paralysis C) Volitional Paresis D) Flaccid Paralysis E) Emotional Paresis ```
B) Spastic paralysis
91
What is the rise time of FR motor units?
30-50 ms
92
Lesions in the basal ganglia result in what?
Rigidity (felt as constant resistance) - commonly found with deficits of passive movement
93
Which motor unit does the following description characterize? Made of glycolytic fast twitch fibers
FF MU
94
Muscle control is done by A) Slow twitch muscle fibers B) Motor pools C) Motor neurons D) Motor units
B) Motor pools
95
Lesions in the descending motor tracts (UMN) result in what?
Spasticity (initial resistance, then relative ease of movement) - commonly found with deficits of passive movement
96
In spinal poliomyelitis, do muscles have increased or decreased MU recruitment?
Decreased
97
What is volitional paresis?
Absence of voluntary movements only
98
Which motor unit does the following description characterize? Rise time is slow
S MU
99
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Maximal duration of continuous activation is hours
Slow twitch
100
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Contains Myoglobin
Slow twitch
101
Define compensation
Allows for continued muscle function even with a partial loss in a motor pathway
102
What is Henneman's size principle?
Maximal force depends on the number of fibers recruited
103
What is the rise time of FF motor units?
3-30 ms
104
Which motor unit does the following description characterize? Input resistance is high
S MU
105
Motor units are/are not mixed in fibers, while muscles are/are not mixed in fibers
Motor units are NOT mixed in fibers, while muscles ARE mixed in fibers
106
Which motor unit does the following description characterize? Made of slow-twitch fibers
S MU
107
Which muscle type does the following characterization describe? Upper size limit is large
Glycolytic fast twitch
108
Which motor unit does the following description characterize? Innervation ratio is the lowest
S motor units

Neurophysiology Loyola (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions