Motor Development - Exam 2

Question 1

Maturation

Answer 1

Directed by genetics, hormones

Question 2

Learning

Answer 2

Changing through experience, environment

Question 3

An infant is….

Answer 3

1. Motivated by goals
2. Constrained by current body limitations
3. Actively putting together movement skills
4. Using perceptions to fine-tune movements
5. Continually improving these skills through perception & action

Question 4

Jolly Jumper Video

Answer 4

A baby is put on a bouncy seat for the first time and they didn’t like it, but after 10 days, the baby was bouncing. The baby understands that something they are doing is producing a jump as a result.
This experiment is used to see how babies develop the use of their arms and legs

Question 5

Things outcomes from Jolly Jumper Video

Answer 5

• Reaching + walking isn’t programmed
• Walking is being worked on as babies grow, but it doesn’t randomly appear
• Stepping is inborn, but legs have to figure out how to stand and balance

Question 6

Celphalocaudal

Answer 6

Head -> tail

Question 7

Examples of Celphalocaudal

Answer 7

• Sits up before controlling legs to walk
• Lifts head (2-3 mo.) before controlling trunk to turn (3-4 mo)

Question 8

Proximodistal

Answer 8

Center (trunk) -> extremities (toes)

Question 9

Examples of Proximodistal

Answer 9

Moves arms and legs before pincher grasp

Question 10

Orthogenetic

Answer 10

General (global) -> Specific

Question 11

Examples of orthogenetic

Answer 11

Moves whole body, extends only one arm, grasps bottle w/ hand

Question 12

Functions of the spinal cord

Answer 12

1) Conduit of cable (between brain and body)
2) Allows reflex connections between sensory input and motor output

Question 13

What does SAME stand for

Answer 13

S- Sensory
A- Afferent (incoming)
M- Motor
E- Efferent (outgoing)

Question 14

Every reflex has two parts. What are those two parts

Answer 14

The STIMULUS that triggers it and the MOTOR RESPONSE

Question 15

Survive have a _____ value

Answer 15

Adaptive

Question 16

Examples of survival

Answer 16

Permanent : Breathing, eye blinking, pupillary
Early : Rooting, Sucking

Question 17

Why is it called early?
Why is it called permanent?

Answer 17

Early is only seen in early ages
Permanent is seen through the lifespan

Question 18

Primitative has ______ adaptive value. ______ remnants

Answer 18

no clear, evolutionary

Question 19

What is moro

Answer 19

Startle

Question 20

Example of moro

Answer 20

drop baby (stim.), baby’s arms go out then back in (reflex)

Question 21

Babinski

Answer 21

Stroke baby’s foot outward (stim.), baby’s toes go apart (reflex)

Question 22

Grasping

Answer 22

Put finger in baby’s palm (stim.), baby grasp it (reflex

Question 23

Goals of infant motor development

Answer 23

• Gross motor skills
• Fine motor skills

Question 24

What are gross motor skills

Answer 24

Include large-muscle activities

Question 25

Examples of gross motor skills

Answer 25

Development of posture, locomotion, and crawling

Question 26

What are fine motor skills?

Answer 26

Precise movements

Question 27

Examples of fine motor skills

Answer 27

Reaching and grasping

Question 28

Lifts head 90 degrees while lying on stomach

Answer 28

2-3 months

Question 29

Rolls over

Answer 29

3-4 months

Question 30

Sits without support, stands holding on, crawling

Answer 30

6-8 months

Question 31

Babies reliably show a pincer grasp

Answer 31

6 months -1 year

Question 32

Walks holding on

Answer 32

9-12 months

Question 33

Walks well

Answer 33

12-14 months

Question 34

Scribble with crayon

Answer 34

16 months

Question 35

Walks up steps

Answer 35

17-22 months

Question 36

Kicks ball foward

Answer 36

20-24 months

Question 37

Goals of early childhood motor development

Answer 37

Improved walking, running, jumping, climbing, learning organized sports, skills, pick up small objects. Age 5 : Move arms, hand, and fingers all together

Question 38

Goals of adolescent motor development

Answer 38

Skills continue to improve. Writing and drawing skills emerge, improve, steadier at age 7. By 10-12, can do quality crafts, master difficult piece of musical instrument

Question 39

Goals of adult motor development

Answer 39

Peak performance of most sports before 30. Biological functions decline with age. Speed may decline in middle and late adulthood, but most compensation strategies. Older adults can still learn new motor tasks

Question 40

At birth, the brain weights __% of adult brain

Answer 40

25

Question 41

At 2 years old, the brain weights __% of adult brain

Answer 41

75

Question 42

At age 5%, the brain weights __% of adult brain

Answer 42

90

Question 43

Average length/weight at birth

Answer 43

20in/7-7.5lb

Question 44

Average height/weight at age 2

Answer 44

50/20-30lb

Question 45

Growth rate in first year

Answer 45

1oz/1" month

Question 46

Growth rate 2 years to puberty

Answer 46

2-3" and 5-6 per year