Nervous System Development & Functions Exam #2

Question 1

What does zygote consist of?

Answer 1

Sperm + egg

Question 2

Blastula consist of

Answer 2

Endoderm & Ectoderm

Question 3

3 cell layers

Answer 3

1. Ectoderm (outer)
2. Mesoderm (middle)
3. Endoderm + nervous tissue

Question 4

Prenatal Nervous system develops on the (Dorsal/ventral) side of the ball from which ____ cell layer

Answer 4

dorsal, ectoderm

Question 5

When does the neural plate come?

Answer 5

day 16

Question 6

What can the neural plate split to?

Answer 6

1) neural tube becomes the CNS (day 25)
2) Neutral crest cells become the PNS

Question 7

What is Anencephaly

Answer 7

Failure of anterior tube to close

Question 8

What is spina bifida or pilonidal cyst

Answer 8

Failure of the posterior tube to close

Question 9

Proliferation

Answer 9

Make new neurons; 100,000 per minute; week 6-17

Question 10

Migrate

Answer 10

Move to proper layer; week 8-15

Question 11

Aggregate (organize)

Answer 11

Those with like function group together

Question 12

Differentiate

Answer 12

Specialize structurally and functionally

Question 13

Synaptogenesis

Answer 13

Forming functional connections; increases rapidly after birth

Question 14

Myelination

Answer 14

Sheath formed on neurons in fetal period-third trimester

Question 15

Pruning

Answer 15

Decrease in number of connection and number of neurons; you keep what you use

Question 16

Plasticity

Answer 16

Adaptability, change, rewriting or reorganization, response to experience

Question 17

Rosenzweig & Krech

Answer 17

Increase in size of rat cortex with enriched environment

Question 18

The adolescent brain

Answer 18

Increase in dopamine neurotransmitter due to hormonal influence; myelination & maturation not fully developed.
Reward-oriented, lack of impulse & plan

Question 19

What is the CNS?

Answer 19

Central Nervous System; Body’s control and info center

Question 20

Brain

Answer 20

Encased in dura mater, floating in CSF, surrounded by cranial and spinal bones

Question 21

Frontal lobe

Answer 21

Motor Cortex: Voluntary control to motor control
Broca’s area: Speech
Prefrontal cortex: Strat function, risk-taking rule-breaking, working memory delay response, smell, motor inhibition
MOTOR STRIP HERE

Question 22

Parietal Lobe

Answer 22

Tactile sensory: Touch, joint position, muscle tension, & pain
Body Image
Math
Spatial Ability
SENSORY STRIP HERE

Question 23

Temporal Lobe

Answer 23

Hearing
Wernicke’s Area: Speech comprehension
Hippocampus: Memory
Amygdala: Fear
Categorize and organize

Question 24

Occipital Lobe

Answer 24

Vision
Info goes to parietal and temporal for help

Question 25

What is gray matter?

Answer 25

Neuronal cell bodies (soma)

Question 26

What is white matter?

Answer 26

Myelinated axons

Question 27

What is the limbic system?

Answer 27

Emotions and memory

Question 28

What composes the limbic system?

Answer 28

Hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus

Question 29

Limbic system - Hypothalamus

Answer 29

Regulates through hormones and neutral connections Behavioral expresión of emotion -> Triggers body due to subjective Fight or Flight Feeding, Sex, Body temp.

Question 30

Limbic system - Amygdala

Answer 30

Fear Recognition of what to avoid Fear + Aggression "Emotional memory"

Question 31

Limbic system - Hippocampus

Answer 31

Conscious

Question 32

Cerebellum

Answer 32

Unconscious memory Input from vestibular system for balance - output to body for posture, complex movement Input from body for position Coordination of eye movements

Question 33

Thalamus

Answer 33

Sensory Relay Center

Question 34

RAS

Answer 34

Reticular Activating System: Arousal, wakefulness, and sleep

Question 35

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 35

(Vegetative functions) HR, BP, respiration

Question 36

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 36

fight or flight

Question 37

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 37

Rest and digest