Motor disorders Flashcards
(50 cards)
what is comorbid with developmental coordination disorder about 50% of the time
ADHD
specific learning disorder
language disorder
what are the 3 areas of deficit that contribute to developmental coordination disorder
-poor predictive control of motor movements
-deficit in rhythmic coordination and timing
-deficits in executive function
what areas of executive function are deficient in developmental coordination disorder
working memory
inhibition
attention
what might you find in the developmental history of a child with developmental coordination disorder
delays in achieving milestones like crawling, walking, sitting, etc
what is dx of developmental coordination disorder based on
hx of delay in achieving milestones and observation of deficits in coordination
what are 3 specialized tests of motor coordination
-bender visual motor gestalt test
-frosting movement skills test battery
-Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor evelopment
3 broad categories of interventions to treat developmental coordination disorder
-deficit oriented approaches
-task specific interventions
-motor imagery
what are 3 deficit-oriented approaches to the treatment of developmental coordination disorder
-sensory integration therapy
-sensorimotor-oriented tx
-process-oriented tx
what are 2 task specific intervention for the treatment of developmental coordination disorder
-neuromotor task training
-cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance
what is the purpose of parental counseling in the treatment of developmental coordination disorder
-reduce anxiety/guilt
-increase awareness
-facilitate coping skills
risk factors for developmental coordination disorder
-prematurity
-hypoxia
-low birth weight
-perinatal malnutrition
-prenatal exposure to drugs/alcohol
what part of the brain plays a vital role in motor coordination
cerebellum
what are stereotypic movements
repetitive motor behaviors emerging in early childhood that appear to lack a clear function and may disrupt daily life
characteristics of stereotypic movements in relation to behavior
-may be self-soothing, self-stimulating, or self-mutilating
-appear involuntary
are stereotypic movements involuntary
no. they can be suppressed with concetrated mental effort
what is the difference between stereotypic movements and tics
-stereotypic movements manifest sooner and lack a premonitory urge
-tics tend to be shorter duration and less rhythmic
-stereotypies are soothing while tics are disruptive
what are 2 typical types of stereotypic movements seen in stereotypic movement disorder
head banging
nail biting
what are the most effective treatments for stereotypic movement disorder in the absence of comorbidities
behavioral treatments such as habit reversal training and differential reinforcement of other behaviors
what is included in medication management of stereotypic movement disorder if needed
-some effect with antipsychotics
-SSRIs may help self-injurious stereotypies
what region of the brain and neurotransmitters are hypothesized to be associated with stereotypic movement disorder
origin in the basal ganglia and involving dopamine and serotonin
manifestation of tics
usually between 5-6 with highest severity between 10-12
what part of the brain is though to be dysfunctioning in tics
basal ganglia (particularly involving dopaminergic transmission in the CSTC)
definition of tic
repetitive muscle contraction that leads to involuntary movement or vocalization
what are the 2 types of tics
motor
vocal
