Normal Development

Question 1

time frame for prenatal

Answer 1

conception - 8 weeks

Question 2

time frame for fetal

Answer 2

8 weeks - birth

Question 3

timeframe for infancy

Answer 3

birth - 15 months

Question 4

time frame for toddler

Answer 4

15 months - 2.5 years

Question 5

time frame for preschool

Answer 5

2.5 years - 6 years

Question 6

time frame for middle childhood

Answer 6

6 - 12 years

Question 7

when is fetal movement typically detected

Answer 7

16-20 weeks

Question 8

what is pruning

Answer 8

programmed cell death during the development of neurons, synapses, axons, and other brain structures

Question 9

why does pruning occur

Answer 9

to eliminate cells that served their purpose in the development of the brain

Question 10

what are some common drugs with teratogenic effects

Answer 10

antibiotics
anticonvulsants
progesterone-estrogens
lithium
warfarin

Question 11

what makes an infant premature

Answer 11

birth before 34 weeks
OR weigh less than 5.5lbs

Question 12

when is a baby considered postmature

Answer 12

2weeks after due date

Question 13

when do infants start to vocalize (other than crying)

Answer 13

approximately 8 weeks

Question 14

endogenous smiling

Answer 14

occurs spontaneously for first 2 months unrelated to stimuli

Question 15

when does exogenous smiling begin

Answer 15

approximately 16 weeks

Question 16

what happens when infant is separated from the mother for a prolonged period during the second 6 months of life

Answer 16

can develop depression that can persist into adulthood

Question 17

what are the 3 attachment styles

Answer 17

secure attachment
insecure/avoidant attachment
insecure/ambivalent attachment

Question 18

insecure/avoidant attachment

Answer 18

-anxious, clingy and angry with parent
-typically parents are also insecurely attached

Question 19

insecure/ambivalent attachment

Answer 19

-raised by disorganized, neglecting, and inattentive parents
-more likely to be inconsolable in distress
-more likely to suffer mood swings, act out, and be oversensitive to stress

Question 20

when is stranger anxiety considered normal

Answer 20

expected around 26 weeks

Question 21

language and cognitive development in toddlers

Answer 21

-begin to listen to explanations that help them tolerate delay
-create new behaviors from old ones
-varied capacities for concentration and self-regulation

Question 22

emotional and social development of toddlers

Answer 22

-differentiation of pleasure/displeasure
-look to others for how they should respond
-exploratory excitement
-organized demo of love and protest

Question 23

sexual development of the toddler

Answer 23

-assume culturally appropriate behaviors for gender
-gender identity emerges

Question 24

typical time frame for toilet training

Answer 24

usually complete by 2/5
nighttime control by 4

Question 25

primary socialization goals that are met by the end of the preschool stage

Answer 25

-language expands/uses sentences -egocentric thinking (no empathy) -thinks intuitively (does not understand causal relationships)

Question 26

type of play expected for 2 1/2 - 3 year olds

Answer 26

parallel play

Question 27

Type of play expected for 3-year-olds

Answer 27

begins to become associative

Question 28

type of play expected for 4-year-olds

Answer 28

cooperative play

Question 29

what ages are considered the middle years

Answer 29

between 6 and puberty

Question 30

how does thinking change during the middle years

Answer 30

becomes organized and logical and becomes abstract by the end of the stage

Question 31

when does empathy develop

Answer 31

around 9 or 10

Question 32

what does the absence of a best friend through the middle years possibly mean

Answer 32

may be an early sign of impending schizophrenia

Question 33

consequences of authoritarian parenting (strict inflexible rules)

Answer 33

can cause low self-esteem, unhappiness, and social withdrawal

Question 34

what is indulgent-permissive parenting

Answer 34

little limit setting coupled with unpredictable harshness

Question 35

consequences of indulgent-permissive parenting

Answer 35

low self-reliance, poor impulse control, and aggression

Question 36

what is indulgent-neglectful parenting

Answer 36

noninvolvement in child's life

Question 37

consequences of indulgent-neglectful parenting

Answer 37

low self-esteem, impaired self-control, increased aggression

Question 38

what is authoritative-reciprocal parenting

Answer 38

firm rules and shared decision making in a loving environment

Question 39

consequences of authoratative-reciprocal parenting

Answer 39

self-reliance, self-esteem, and social responsibility

Question 40

ego identity in adolescence

Answer 40

integration of past experiences with current changes takes place

Question 41

what is moratorium

Answer 41

interim period between concrete thinking of childhood and more evolved complex ethical development

Question 42

ages considered early adolescence

Answer 42

12-14-

Question 43

when do the most striking changes physically, attitudinally, and behaviorally take place

Answer 43

early adolescence (between 12-14)

Question 44

what is considered middle adolescence

Answer 44

14-16

Question 45

first signs of puberty

Answer 45

increase in height and weight

Question 46

Kohlberg's pre-conventional morality

Answer 46

determining factors are punishment and obedience to parents

Question 47

Kohlberg's conventional role conformity

Answer 47

children try to conform to gain approval and maintain relationships

Question 48

Kohlberg's morality of self-accepted moral principles

Answer 48

comply with rules based on ethical principles and makes exceptions when necessary

Question 49

What are the most important factors of self-esteem in adolescents

Answer 49

perception of attractiveness high value to family/peers

Question 50

what is the most strongly associated factor for violence

Answer 50

growing up in a fatherless household