Motor learning concepts

Question 1

What is the definition of motor learning?

Answer 1

• acquisition/modification of skilled actions

Question 2

What is rehabilitation vs habilitation?

Answer 2

Rehabilitation:
- reacquisition after injury

Habilitation:
- acquisition in the context of congenital issues

Question 3

What are the 5 big concepts in motor learning?

Answer 3

1) ML requires both top-down & bottom up systems
2) ML is driven by distinct neural mechanisms
3) ML requires cognition
4) ML requires feedback, memory, and practice
5) ML requires task-based interventions

Question 4

What are the learnings involved with ML is driven by distinct neural mechanisms?

Answer 4

• error-based learning: learning is corrected based on error
• use-dependent learning: learning is driven through repetition
• reinforcement learning: learning dependent upon outcomes (rewards/penalties)
• cognitive strategy learning: learning that requires conscious planning, attention, and problem solving

Question 5

What is the model that is involved with ML requires cognition?

Answer 5

Fitts & Posner 3-Stage model:
- Cognitive: understanding what to do
- Associative: refining movement
- Autonomous: automatic execution

Question 6

What feedback is involved with ML requires feedback?

Answer 6

Intrinsic:
- feedback from within the body (from own sensory systems)

Extrinsic: feedback provided from an outside source
- KR: feedback given based on outcome of movement (completed 10 reps)
- KP: feedback given based on quality of movement (form was great while completing 10 reps)

Question 7

What memory is involved with ML requires memory?

Answer 7

• Implicit: habituation, sensitization (non-declarative)
• explicit: conscious, reflective learning (declarative)

Question 8

What are the practice types involved with ML requires practice?

Answer 8

Constant: practice at the same speed, same way, every time
Varied: practice completing a task a different way each time
Blocked: practicing separate sets of skills
Random: practice in a random order each time
Massed: practice time is more than rest time
Distributed: rest time is more than practice time
Whole: practicing the whole skill w/ continuous flow
Part: practicing pieces/parts of a skill
Discovery learning: practice that has very little guidance and is driven by curiosity