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Motor Speech Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Neurologic process of speech production involves: (3 things) -CMN

A

1) COGNITIVE-linguistic process = intention to communicate.
2) MOTOR speech programming= executed by neuromuscular system. Selects and organizes the sensorimotor programs.
3) NEUROMUSCULAR execution= CNS an PNS innervate the necessary muscles (of the subsystems for speech) to produce desired words.

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2
Q

What is a motor speech disorder?

A

It is a disorder of SPEECH resulting from neurologic damage and it affects MOTOR PROGRAMMING or MOTOR EXECUTION.

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3
Q

What are the two main motor speech disorders?

A

DYSARTHRIA & APRAXIA

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4
Q

What is the main difference between apraxia and dysarthria.

A

apraxia = problems with motor execution/programming but NO MUSCLE WEAKNESS OR PARALYSIS.

dysarthria= problems with motor execution/programming DUE TO MUSCLE WEAKNESS OR PARALYSIS.

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5
Q

T or F:

Dysarthria can affect all speech subsystems.

A

TRUE

  • respiration
  • phonation
  • articulation
  • prosody
  • resonance
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6
Q

What are the 6 types of dysarthria.

A
  • flaccid
  • spastic
  • ataxic
  • hypokinetic
  • hyperkinetic
  • mixed
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7
Q

T or F:

Both apraxia and dysarthria can occur with aphasia.

A

TRUE!

**But in apraxia more commonly co-occurs with apraxia*

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8
Q

What are the two main subsystems of speech affected with APRAXIA?

A
  • articulation =usually inconsistent errors

* prosody

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9
Q

What does TRANSIENT mean? (course of disease)

A
  • the symptoms don’t last , they disappear COMPLETELY
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10
Q

What does IMPROVING mean? (course of disease)

A
  • the symptoms are improving but they may still be there. (just not as severe)
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11
Q

What does PROGRESSIVE mean? (course of disease)

A
  • symptoms will become worse over time and other new symptoms may appear.
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12
Q

What does EXACERBATING-REMITTING mean? (course of disease)

A
  • symptoms occur, then get better, then occur again etc.
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13
Q

What does STATIONARY mean? (course of disease)

A
  • symptoms don’t change
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14
Q

The course of the motor speech disorder depends on it’s _________________?

A

ETIOLOGY

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15
Q

Symptoms can be described as : _________ , __________, _____________.

A

1) ACUTE = comes on withing MINUTES
2) SUBACUTE= comes on within DAYS
3) CHRONIC =comes on within MONTHS

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16
Q

Motor speech disorders are associated with ______________ disorders.

A

CHRONIC

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17
Q

The CNS contains:

A

1) BRAIN
- cerebrum
- brain stem
- cerebellum

2) SPINAL CORD

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18
Q

The PNS contains:

A

1) Cranial nerves (12 pairs)

2) Spinal nerves (31 pairs)

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19
Q

What are the 4 lobes in the cerebrum?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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20
Q

What does CORTEX mean?

A

outer layer (bark)

21
Q 
gyri = ? 
sulci= ?
A 
gyri = RIDGES
sulci= VALLEYS
22
Q

The BRAINSTEM contains?

A

1) midbrain - links cerebrum to brainstem
2) pons - bridges to cerebellum
3) medulla - controls respiration

23
Q

What are the 4 main ANATOMIC levels of the CNS? (SPSP)

A

1) SUPRATENTORIAL
2) POSTERIOR
3) SPINAL
4) PERIPHERAL

24
Q

SUPRATENTORIAL is made up of _________ and contains __________.

A

Made up of ANT. and MIDDLE fossae.

Contains all the paired lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital) , basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus & CN 1-2.

25
POSTERIOR is made of ___________ and contains _________.
Made up of POST. fossae. | Contains brainstem, cerebellum, & cranial nerves 3-12.
26
Ten of the 12 pair of cranial nerves originate in the brain stem at the level of the _____________ fossae.
POSTERIOR!
27
Which are the only cranial nerves that originate in the supratentorial level?
CN 1 & 2
28
SPINAL level begins at ___________ and it is surrounded by________.
begins at LOWER END OF MEDULLA | surrounded by bony vertebral column
29
Spinal cord ends at the first __________ vertabrae.
LUMBAR.
30
PERIPHERAL level is made up of __________ which exit the ____________.
12 cranial nerves 31 spinal nerves which exit the skull through the foramina.
31
What are the 3 layers of the MENINGES?
1) DURA mater (outer) 2) ARACHNOID mater (below dura loosely covers brain) 3) PIA mater (innermost)
32
What are the 3 spaces b/w the MENINGES?
1) EPIDURAL space= b/w dura and bone 2) SUBDURAL space = beneath dura 3) SUBARACHNOID space = beneath arachnoid (filled with CSF)
33
T or F: | There is a CHOROID PLEXUS in each ventricle.
TRUE!
34
Ventricles are cavities filled with ________.
CSF (cerebro spinal fluid)
35
Vascular involves _______.
BLOOD VESSELS that provide oxygen and nutrients to structures and removes waste.
36
Brain receives blood from which 2 arterial systems?
1) CAROTID system 2) VERTEBRA BASILAR system * ** They join at the Circle of Willis.***
37
T or F: | Groups of fibers traveling in the PNS are called TRACTS/PATHWAYS.
FALSE | They are called NERVES!!!
38
T or F: | Groups of fibers traveling in the CNS are called PATHWAYS/TRACTS.
TRUE!!!
39
The MOTOR UNIT is made up of the ___________ and the__________ it innervates.
AXON & MUSCLE FIBER it innervates
40
What are the 3 types of SUPPORTING (GLIAL) CELLS?
1) OLIGDENDROGLIA cells = form myelin in the CNS 2) SCHWANN cells- form myelin in the PNS 3) ASTROCYTES = found in the CNS (help move substances b/w blood and neurons o CNS.
41
What are two diseases that attacks myelin (demyelination)
Multiple Sclerosis & Guillian Barre
42
If LMN innervation to muscle is lost ....the muscle will _____.
ATROPHY!
43
Thalamus acts as the ________.
RELAY STATION (information comes here and then sent somewhere else)
44
What are other important structures involved in motor movement and motor control?
1) THALAMUS 2) BASAL GANGLIA (deep inside cerebrum) - globus pallidus - putamen & caudate nucleus (striatum) - lentiform nucleus 3) SUBSTANTIA NIGRA & SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEI
45
Damage can be ________, _________, or _________.
FOCAL - single area MULTIFOCAL - more than one area DIFFUSE - generalized , involve bilateral symmetric parts of nervous system.
46
UMN involves ___________ and synapses ___________.
Motor cortex and synapses to the level of the brainstem /spinal cord.
47
LMN involves ___________ and synapses ________.
Brainstem/spinal cord and synapses with the muscle.
48
What are the 4 main parts of the SPEECH MOTOR SYSTEM:
1) Final common pathway (aka. LMN or PNS) 2) Direct Activation pathway (pyramidal tract) 3) Indirect Activation pathway (extrapyramidal tract) 4) Control circuits

Fluency Disorders (7 decks)

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