MOTOR SPEECH DISORDERS-APRAXIA

Question 1

What is a motor speech disorder?

Answer 1

An impairment of speech production caused by defects of the neuromuscular system, motor control system, or both.

Question 2

What are the names of the speech production systems?

Answer 2

Respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory systems.

Question 3

Purpose of respiratory system?

Answer 3

It regulates in and out breathing for producing sounds

Question 4

Purpose of phonatory system?

Answer 4

Regulates production of voice

Question 5

Purpose of resonatory system?

Answer 5

Changes shape and size of vocal tract, makes vibrations out of airflow

Question 6

Purpose of articulatory system?

Answer 6

Regulates control of articulatory in oral cavities to manipulate outgoing airflow

Question 7

What is motor planning?

Answer 7

Process that set up articulatory goals before speaking
EX. Lip closure

Question 8

What is motor programming?

Answer 8

Processes that prepare and control the movement of muscles used for speech
Ex. Timing and force

Question 9

What is motor execution?

Answer 9

Processes that activate the muscles for speaking

Question 10

What is the difference between motor planning, programming, and execution?

Answer 10

Motor planning and programming happen before initiation of movement and motor execution happens after

Question 11

What is motor learning?

Answer 11

The ability to gain new skills with practice

Question 12

What’s the percentage of patients diagnosed with dysarthria and appraxia? And in children?

Answer 12

54% and 4% And 4%

Question 13

What is the etiology of motor speech disorders?

Answer 13

They can be acquired or developmental

Question 14

What is acquired?

Answer 14

Results from damage to nervous system like cerebrovascular accidents or strokes, degenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brain tumors, or traumatic brain injuries.

Question 15

What is developmental?

Answer 15

Results from abnormal development of the nervous system or from damage to nervous system in early development. Caused by congenital diseases such as cerebral palsy, and genetic syndromes like fragile x and downsyndrome. Damage to nervous system can result from traumatic brain injury, brain tumors, or cerebral vascular accidents.

Question 16

How are motor speech disorders divided?

Answer 16

By motor planning/programming and motor execution.

Question 17

Motor planning and programing is caused by?

Answer 17

Inability to organize and coordinate muscles in order to plan or program a movement

Question 18

Motor execution is caused by?

Answer 18

Caused by weaknesses or problems in the musculature like muscle tone, speed, and movement range.

Question 19

What are the prevelant motor speech disorders?

Answer 19

AOS; apraxia of speech
CAS; childhood apraxia of speech
PPAOS; primary progressive apraxia of speech
Acquired dysarthria
Developmental dysarthria

Question 20

Defining characteristics of AOS?

Answer 20

Impairment in motor planning for speech.

Trouble organizing and posturing articulatory.
Sound distortions: distorted substitutions, omissions and additions

Slow rate irregular prolongations and pauses, stress difference in stressed and unstressed syllables

Question 21

Defining characteristics of CAS?

Answer 21

Phonetic-motoric disorder.

Unable to translate what they want to say from their brain into intelligible speech

Slow and prolonged speech sounds

Speech sound distortions

Errors that vary across utterances and sentences

Question 22

Defining characteristics of PPAOS

Answer 22

Describes apraxia of speech as the main symptom of a progressive brain disease

Question 23

How does CAS affect development of speech and language?

Answer 23

Slower than typical rates of speed

Voicing errors; voiceless sounds produced as voiced

Vowel distortions or substitutions

Inappropriate prosody

Question 24

What is prosody?

Answer 24

Prosody refers to the rhythm, pitch, and intonation of speech, which helps convey meaning and emotion.

Question 25

What is oral apraxia?

Answer 25

Difficulty with the movement of the mouth that isn’t for speaking like excessive drooling, teeth grinding

Question 26

What are the differences between articulation disorder, phonological disorder, and childhood apraxia of speech?

Answer 26

An articulation disorder is when a child has a difficult time producing individual sounds, a phonological disorder is when a child has difficulty organizing those speech sounds and CAS is difficulty in planning and programming movements of the speech articulators in order to produce intelligible speech.